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Password Cracking

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Awesome Password Cracking Awesome

In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of recovering passwords from data that has been stored in or transmitted by a computer system in scrambled form. A common approach (brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password.

This is a curated list of awesome tools, research, papers and other projects related to password cracking and password security, made by @n0kovo@infosec.exchange.

Read CONTRIBUTING.md before contributing! In short:

  • Importantly, this list is made by humans
    • AI-opened PRs will be rejected. If you care about this list, make a real effort
    • Obviously vibe-coded projects will not be featured
  • List is alphabetically sorted
  • If in doubt, use awesome-lint
  • If you think an item shouldn't be here open an issue
  • Before submitting your own project, please make an honest assessment of its actual value contribution
    If your project is rejected, treat it as a learning opportunity

Books

Hash Crack: Password Cracking Manual (v3)

Password Cracking Manual v3 is an expanded reference guide for password recovery (cracking) methods, tools, and analysis techniques.

Cloud

Cloud_crack

Crack passwords using Terraform and AWS.

Cloudcat

A script to automate the creation of cloud infrastructure for hash cracking.

Cloudstomp

Automated deployment of instances on EC2 via plugin for high CPU/GPU applications at the lowest price.

Cloudtopolis

A tool that facilitates the installation and provisioning of Hashtopolis on the Google Cloud Shell platform, quickly and completely unattended (and also, free!).

NPK

NPK is a distributed hash-cracking platform built entirely of serverless components in AWS including Cognito, DynamoDB, and S3.

Penglab

Abuse of Google Colab for cracking hashes.

Rook

Automates the creation of AWS p3 instances for use in GPU-based password cracking.

Conversion

7z2hashcat

Extract information from password-protected .7z archives (and .sfx files) such that you can crack these "hashes" with hashcat.

MacinHash

Convert macOS plist password file to hash file for password crackers.

NetNTLM-Hashcat

Converts John The Ripper/Cain format hashes (singular, or in bulk) to HashCat compatible hash format.

Rubeus-to-Hashcat

Converts / formats Rubeus kerberoasting output into hashcat readable format.

WINHELLO2hashcat

With this tool one can extract the "hash" from a WINDOWS HELLO PIN. This hash can be cracked with Hashcat.

bitwarden2hashcat

A tool that converts Bitwarden's data into a hashcat-suitable hash.

hc\_to\_7z

Convert 7-Zip hashcat hashes back to 7z archives.

hcxtools

Portable solution for conversion of cap/pcap/pcapng (gz compressed) WiFi dump files to hashcat formats.

itunes_backup2hashcat

Extract the information needed from the Manifest.plist files to convert it to hashes compatible with hashcat.

mongodb2hashcat

Extract hashes from the MongoDB database server to a hash format that hashcat accepts: -m 24100 (SCRAM-SHA-1) or -m 24200 (SCRAM-SHA-256).

Hashcat

Autocrack

A set of client and server tools for automatically, and lightly automatically cracking hashes.

docker-hashcat

Latest hashcat docker for Ubuntu 18.04 CUDA, OpenCL, and POCL.

Hashcat-Stuffs

Collection of hashcat lists and things.

hashcat-utils

Small utilities that are useful in advanced password cracking.

Hashfilter

Read a hashcat potfile and parse different types into a sqlite database.

known_hosts-hashcat

A guide and tool for cracking ssh known_hosts files with hashcat.

pyhashcat

Python C API binding to libhashcat.

Hashcat is the "World's fastest and most advanced password recovery utility." The following are projects directly related to Hashcat in one way or another.

Automation

autocrack

Hashcat wrapper to help automate the cracking process.

hat

An Automated Hashcat Tool for common wordlists and rules to speed up the process of cracking hashes during engagements.

hate_crack

A tool for automating cracking methodologies through Hashcat from the TrustedSec team.

Naive hashcat

Naive hashcat is a plug-and-play script that is pre-configured with naive, emperically-tested, "good enough" parameters/attack types.

Distributed cracking

CrackLord

Queue and resource system for cracking passwords.

fitcrack

A hashcat-based distributed password cracking system.

Hashstation

Hashstation is a BOINC-based distributed password cracking system with a built-in web interface.

Hashtopolis

A multi-platform client-server tool for distributing hashcat tasks to multiple computers.

Kraken

A multi-platform distributed brute-force password cracking system.

Rules

clem9669 rules

Rule for hashcat or john.

hashcat rules collection

Probably the largest collection of hashcat rules out there.

Hob0Rules

Password cracking rules for Hashcat based on statistics and industry patterns.

Kaonashi

Wordlist, rules and masks from Kaonashi project (RootedCON 2019).

nsa-rules

Password cracking rules and masks for hashcat generated from cracked passwords.

nyxgeek-rules

Custom password cracking rules for Hashcat and John the Ripper.

OneRuleToRuleThemAll

"One rule to crack all passwords. or atleast we hope so."

OneRuleToRuleThemStill

"A revamped and updated version of my original OneRuleToRuleThemAll hashcat rule."

pantagrule

Large hashcat rulesets generated from real-world compromised passwords.

Rule tools

duprule

Detect & filter duplicate hashcat rules.

ruleprocessorY

A next-gen Rule processor with complex multibyte character support built to support Hashcat.

Web interfaces

crackerjack

CrackerJack is a Web GUI for Hashcat developed in Python.

CrackQ

A Python Hashcat cracking queue system.

hashpass

Hash cracking WebApp & Server for hashcat.

Hashview

A web front-end for password cracking and analytics.

Wavecrack

Wavestone's web interface for password cracking with hashcat.

WebHashCat

WebHashcat is a very simple but efficient web interface for hashcat password cracking tool.

John the Ripper

BitCracker

BitCracker is the first open source password cracking tool for memory units encrypted with BitLocker.

johnny

GUI frontend to John the Ripper.

John the Ripper is "an Open Source password security auditing and password recovery tool available for many operating systems." The following are projects directly related to John the Ripper in one way or another.

Misc

Hashes

Identify hashing algorithms (GUI frontend for Name That Hash).

hashgen

Hashgen is a simple yet very fast CLI hash generator written in Go and cross compiled for Linux, Windows & Mac.

Name That Hash

Don't know what type of hash it is? Name That Hash will name that hash type! Identify MD5, SHA256 and 300+ other hashes. Comes with a neat web app.

Notable People

  • Alotdv - Twitter.
  • Clem9669 - GitHub.
  • Coolbry95 - GitHub / Twitter.
  • Dakykilla - GitHub / Twitter.
  • Dropdeadfu - GitHub / Twitter.
  • Epixoip - GitHub / Mastodon / Twitter.
  • Evilmog - GitHub / Mastodon / Twitter.
  • Hydraze - GitHub / Mastodon / Twitter.
  • JakeWnuk - GitHub.
  • Kontrast23 - GitHub / Twitter.
  • M3g9tr0n - GitHub / Twitter.
  • Matrix - GitHub / Twitter.
  • Minga - Twitter.
  • N0kovo - GitHub / Mastodon / Twitter.
  • NSAKEY - GitHub / Twitter / Website.
  • NullMode - GitHub / Mastodon / Twitter.
  • Paule965 - Twitter.
  • Philsmd - GitHub / Twitter.
  • Roycewilliams - GitHub / Mastodon / Twitter.
  • RuraPenthe - GitHub / Mastodon / Twitter.
  • S3in!c - GitHub / Mastodon / Twitter.
  • Tehnlulz - GitHub / Twitter.
  • The_Mechanic - GitHub / Twitter.
  • ToXiC - Twitter.
  • Undeath - GitHub.
  • Unix-ninja - GitHub / Mastodon / Twitter.
  • Xan - GitHub / Mastodon / Twitter.

Websites

Communities

hashcat Forum

Forum by the developers of hashcat.

Hashmob

A growing password recovery community aimed towards being a center point of collaboration for cryptography enthusiasts. Huge wordlist collection and a lookup service too.

Hashkiller Forum

A password cracking forum with over 20,000 registered users.

Lookup services

CMD5

Provides online MD5 / sha1/ mysql / sha256 encryption and decryption services.

CrackStation

Free hash lookup service supplying wordlists as well.

gohashmob

Go CLI app to quickly lookup hashes using the HashMob API.

Hashes.com

A hash lookup service with paid features.

Hashkiller

A hash lookup service with a forum.

Online Hash Crack

Cloud password recovery service.

Wordlist tools

Tools for analyzing, generating and manipulating wordlists.

Analysis

PACK

A collection of utilities developed to aid in analysis of password lists in order to enhance password cracking through pattern detection of masks, rules, character-sets and other password characteristics.

password-smelter

Ingests passwords from hashcat, etc. and outputs to HTML, Markdown, XLSX, PNG, JSON. Dark and light themes supported. Compliments password-stretcher.

password-stretcher

Generate "disgusting quantities" of passwords from websites, files, or stdin. Compliments password-smelter.

pcfg_cracker

This project uses machine learning to identify password creation habits of users.

Pipal

THE password analyser.

Graphcat

Generate graphs and charts based on password cracking result.

Generation/Manipulation

accent_permutator

A tool to transform characters from ASCII / UTF-8 to accented characters such as "o" to "ò".

anew

Append lines from stdin to a file, but only if they don't already appear in the file. Outputs new lines to stdout too, making it a bit like a tee -a that removes duplicates.

bopscrk

Generate smart and powerful wordlists for targeted attacks. Includes song lyrics fetching and different transforms.

common-substr

Simple tool to extract the most common substrings from an input text. Built for password cracking.

Crunch

Crunch is a wordlist generator where you can specify a standard character set or a character set you specify. Crunch can generate all possible combinations and permutations.

CUPP

A tool that lets you generate wordlists by user profiling data such as birthday, nickname, address, name of a pet or relative etc.

duplicut

Remove duplicates from MASSIVE wordlist, without sorting it (for dictionary-based password cracking).

Gorilla

Tool for generating wordlists or extending an existing one using mutations.

Gramify

Create n-grams of wordlists based on words, characters, or charsets to use in offline password attacks and data analysis.

Elpscrk

Elpscrk is like cupp, but it's based on permutations and statistics while being memory efficient.

Keyboard-Walk-Generators

Generate Keyboard Walk Dictionaries for cracking.

kwprocessor

Advanced keyboard-walk generator with configureable basechars, keymap and routes.

maskprocessor

High-performance word generator with a per-position configureable charset.

maskuni

A standalone fast word generator in the spirit of hashcat's mask generator with unicode support.

Mentalist

Mentalist is a graphical tool for custom wordlist generation. It utilizes common human paradigms for constructing passwords and can output the full wordlist as well as rules compatible with Hashcat and John the Ripper.

PTT

The Password Transformation Tool (ptt) is a versatile utility designed for password cracking. It facilitates the creation of custom rules and transformations, as well as the generation of wordlists. This tool supports processing data from files, URLs, and standard input, streamlining cracking workflows.

Phraser

Phraser is a phrase generator using n-grams and Markov chains to generate phrases for passphrase cracking.

princeprocessor

Standalone password candidate generator using the PRINCE algorithm.

Rephraser

A Python-based reimagining of Phraser using Markov-chains for linguistically-correct password cracking.

Rling

RLI Next Gen (Rling), a faster multi-threaded, feature rich alternative to rli found in hashcat utilities.

statsprocessor

Word generator based on per-position markov-chains.

StringZilla

Fastest string sort, search, split, and shuffle for long strings and multi-gigabyte files in Python and C.

TTPassGen

Flexible and scriptable password dictionary generator which supportss brute-force, combination, complex rule modes etc.

token-reverser

Words list generator to crack security tokens.

WikiRaider

WikiRaider enables you to generate wordlists based on country specific databases of Wikipedia.

Wordlists

Laguage specific

Albanian wordlist

A mix of names, last names and some albanian literature.

Danish Phone Wordlist Generator

This tool can generate wordlists of Danish phone numbers by area and/or usage (Mobile, landline etc.) Useful for password cracking or fuzzing Danish targets.

Danish Wordlists

Collection of danish wordlists for cracking danish passwords.

French Wordlists

This project aim to provide french word list about everything a person could use as a base password.

Other

Packet Storm Wordlists

A substantial collection of different wordlists in multiple languages.

Rocktastic

Includes many permutations of passwords and patterns that have been observed in the wild.

RockYou2021

RockYou2021.txt is a MASSIVE WORDLIST compiled of various other wordlists.

WeakPass

Collection of large wordlists.

Specific file formats

PDF

pdfrip

A multi-threaded PDF password cracking utility equipped with commonly encountered password format builders and dictionary attacks.

JKS

JKS private key cracker

Cracking passwords of private key entries in a JKS file.

ZIP

bkcrack

Crack legacy zip encryption with Biham and Kocher's known plaintext attack.

frackzip

Small tool for cracking encrypted ZIP archives.

Machine Learning / AI

adams

Reducing Bias in Modeling Real-world Password Strength via Deep Learning and Dynamic Dictionaries.

neural network cracking

Code for cracking passwords with neural networks.

RNN-Passwords

Using the char-rnn to learn and guess passwords.

rulesfinder

This tool finds efficient password mangling rules (for John the Ripper or Hashcat) for a given dictionary and a list of passwords.

PassGPT

PassGPT is a GPT-2 model trained from scratch on password leaks.

SePass: Semantic Password Guessing using k-nn Similarity Search in Word Embeddings

A password guessing method that utilizes word embeddings to discover and exploit semantic correlations in password lists.

Research

Articles and Blog Posts

Optimizing Wordlists with Masks
Purple Rain Attack - Password Cracking With Random Generation
Smashing Hashes with Token Swapping Attacks
Bcrypt at 25: A Retrospective on Password Security

Papers

PassGPT: Password Modeling and (Guided) Generation with LLMs
Password Cracking Using Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars (2009)
Fast, Lean, and Accurate: Modeling Password Guessability Using Neural Networks (2016)
PassGAN: A Deep Learning Approach for Password Guessing (2017)
GENPass: A General Deep Learning Model for Password Guessing with PCFG Rules and Adversarial Generation (2018)
Generating Optimized Guessing Candidates toward Better Password Cracking from Multi-Dictionaries Using Relativistic GAN (2020)
Reducing Bias in Modeling Real-world Password Strength via Deep Learning and Dynamic Dictionaries (2020)
PassFlow: Guessing Passwords with Generative Flows (2021)
GNPassGAN: Improved Generative Adversarial Networks For Trawling Offline Password Guessing (2022)
The Revenge of Password Crackers: Automated Training of Password Cracking Tools (2022)
A Systematic Review on Password Guessing Tasks (2023)
Harder, better, faster, stronger: Optimising the performance of context-based password cracking dictionaries (2023)
Confident Monte Carlo: Rigorous Analysis of Guessing Curves for Probabilistic Password Models (2023)
Improving Real-world Password Guessing Attacks via Bi-directional Transformers (2023)
Mangling Rules Generation With Density-Based Clustering for Password Guessing (2023)
No Single Silver Bullet: Measuring the Accuracy of Password Strength Meters (2023)
Optimizing The Computation Of Password Hashes (2023)
PGTCN: A Novel Password-Guessing Model Based On Temporal Convolution Network (2023)
Towards a Rigorous Statistical Analysis of Empirical Password Datasets (2023)
Enhancing The Resistance Of Password Hashing Using Binary Randomization Through Logical Gates (2024)
GuessFuse: Hybrid Password Guessing With Multi-View (2024)
PassRVAE: Improved Trawling Attacks via Recurrent Variational Autoencoder (2024)
Prob-Hashcat: Accelerating Probabilistic PasswordGuessing with Hashcat by Hundreds of Times (2024)
Reinforcing Cybersecurity With Bloom Filters: A Novel Approach To Password Cracking Efficiency (2024)
Beyond The Dictionary Attack: Enhancing Password Cracking Efficiency Through Machine Learning-Induced Mangling Rules (2025)
MAYA: Addressing Inconsistencies in Generative Password Guessing through a Unified Benchmark (2025)
Password Guessing Using Large Language Models (2025)
PassRecover: A Multi-FPGA System for End-to-End Offline Password Recovery Acceleration (2025)
When Intelligence Fails: An Empirical Study on Why LLMs Struggle with Password Cracking (2025)
Success Rates Doubled with Only One Character: Mask Password Guessing (2025)
PGMaP: Password Generation Based On Mask Prediction (2026)
Improving targeted password guessing attacks by using personally identifiable information and old password (2026)

Talks

BSides Cayman Islands 2024 - No Cap Cracking: Improving Offline Hash Recovery Methodologies
BSides Cayman Islands 2023 - Leveling Up Password Attacks with Breach Data
DEF CON Safe Mode Password Village - Getting Started with Hashcat
DEF CON Safe Mode Password Village - Jeremi Gosney - Cracking at Extreme Scale
DEF CON 28 Safe Mode Password Village – 'Let's Crack RockYou Without Using rockyou txt'
SecTor 2019 - Will Hunt - Hashes, Hashes Everywhere, But All I See Is Plaintext
Tailored, Machine Learning-driven Password Guessing Attacks and Mitigation at DefCamp
UNHash - Methods for better password cracking
USENIX Security '23 - No Single Silver Bullet: Measuring the Accuracy of Password Strength Meters
USENIX Security '23 - Improving Real-World Password Guessing Attacks via Bi-Directional Transformers
USENIX Security '21 - Reducing Bias in Modeling Real-world Password Strength via Deep Learning and Dynamic Dictionaries
USENIX Security '16 - Fast, Lean, and Accurate: Modeling Password Guessability Using Neural Networks