A curated list of MQTT related stuff.
MQTT is a lightweight client-server publish/subscribe messaging protocol, optimized for high-latency or unreliable networks. This protocol is a good choice for Internet of Things applications, Telemetry, Sensor Networks, Smart Metering, Home Automation, Messaging and Notification Services.
Shinji Kim, Robert Bird - Akamai, Samsung Developer Conference 2017.
Dominik Obermaier & Jens Deters, [Building IoT](https://www.buildingiot.de/index.php) conference 2016 (German).
MQTT broker service and protocol adapter.
A fast Java multiprotocol messaging and Integration Patterns server.
Barebone MQTT broker that can run on any stream server, the node way.
MQTTRoute is an extendable & Scalable MQTT Broker with customizable UI, flexible storage & security options for all IoT / IIoT Implementation.
Java-based high-performance MQTT broker with native multi-tenancy for large-scale IoT.
A lightweight, high-performance go mqtt server(v3.0|v3.1.1|v5.0) supporting distributed cluster.
A scalable, secure, easy to use message broker that can be used for IoT, web and mobile use-cases. Open-sourced from IBM MessageSight.
A distributed, scalable and fault-tolerant publish-subscribe messaging platform based on MQTT protocol and featuring message storage.
Scalable and Reliable Real-time MQTT Messaging Engine for IoT in 5G Era.
A basic MQTT Broker on the ESP8266.
Python MQTT broker using asyncio.
Java MQTT Broker that supports MQTT 3.1, 3.1.1 and 5.0. Commercial and open source editions available.
A MQTT broker written in Go.
Distributed, cloud-native MQTT broker in Go built on mochi-mqtt, using Raft for strongly-consistent session ownership and ACL, with a gossip-backed routing table (Olric).
Kotlin Multiplatform MQTT broker, both embeddable and standalone.
Java MQTT lightweight broker.
Node.js MQTT broker, which can be used Standalone or Embedded in another Node.js application.
*"*The"** Open Source MQTT Broker.
Async MQTT v5.0 broker in Rust with TCP, TLS, WebSocket, and QUIC transport, plus authentication, ACL, bridging, and session persistence.
Cloud MQTT broker.
An extendable MQTT broker written in Go, with HTTP capabilities for observability. Implements MQTT v3.1.1.
High performance messaging broker with MQTT Adapter.
Multi-protocol brokers written in Rust.
High Performance MQTT Server and Client Libraries in Go.
Open-source, scalable, fault-tolerant and durable messaging broker for millions of IoT devices.
Apache2 licensed distributed MQTT broker, developed in Erlang.
Vert.x component to handle connections, communication and messages exchange with remote MQTT clients.
MQTT broker leveraging Apache Kafka as its own storage and distribution engine.
A light-weight and Blazing-fast MQTT Broker for IoT Edge platform.
Data-oriented IoT framework and libraries.
Provides secure and reliable communication between devices and the IoT Platform which allows you to manage a large number of devices on a single IoT Platform.
Managed cloud broker service supporting MQTT, MQTT over WSS, HTTPS and LoRaWAN.
Enable highly secure and reliable communication between your IoT application and the devices it manages. Azure IoT Hub provides a cloud-hosted solution backend to connect virtually any device. Extend your solution from the cloud to the edge with per-device authentication, built-in device management, and scaled provisioning.
Hosted message broker for the Internet of Things. Perfectly configured and optimized message queues for IoT, ready in seconds.
Hosted AMQP brokers with MQTT support.
Fully Managed Cloud MQTT Broker for large scale deployments.
Free and secure cloud MQTT broker with private namespaces, MQTT 3.1.1 and MQTT 5.0 support and gorgeous limits.
Cloud managed MQTT service.
Cloud managed MQȚT service.
Low-code IoT/IIoT platform for industrial automation, SCADA, BMS and remote monitoring. Supports MQTT, OPC-UA, Modbus and 100+ protocols with visual development tools and edge-cloud integration.
Device management, data aggregation, data management, data analytics,connectivity and message routing and event management. Supported by Linux Software Foundation.
Device management, data collection, processing, event management, and visualization for your IoT projects.
Edge AI agent platform; its open-source runtime [edge-agents](https://github.com/ForestHubAI/edge-agents) orchestrates AI agents on Linux edge gateways with MQTT as a first-class workflow transport, running offline with local SLMs alongside cloud LLMs.
Fully open-source, distributed industrial IoT platform built on Spring Cloud, with 28 built-in protocol drivers (including MQTT), AI-powered operations via Spring AI, and microservice architecture. ([Docs](https://docs.dc3.site))
Browser-based MQTT client that utilizes MQTT over websockets. [Direct Link](https://www.hivemq.com/demos/websocket-client/)
Node.js CLI and library that maps Homie MQTT metadata to Home Assistant MQTT discovery payloads.
Interactive MQTT packet manipulation shell based on IPython.
The Eclipse IoT-Testware is a collection of conformance test suites for IoT protocols enriched with additional tools for fuzzing and performance testing.
Visual diagram editor for designing MQTT topologies, built with Rust (WASM) and TypeScript. Features live in-browser simulation, code generation, and AsyncAPI export.
A fast, terminal-UI MQTT client written in Rust — inspired by MQTT Explorer, but keyboard-driven and living in your terminal.
A high-performance IoT data generator written in Rust. Supports MQTT, HTTP, and TCP for simulating realistic sensor payloads with Handlebars templates.
Multi-protocol mock server with a built-in MQTT broker supporting QoS 0-2, retained messages, topic patterns, and device simulation for IoT development and testing.
A Golang MQTT proxy providing useful output traces to monitor and troubleshoot your MQTT communications.
Open-source diagnostic-oriented MQTT client tool.
Web based MQTT frontend. [Direct Link](https://hobbyquaker.github.io/mqtt-admin/).
A benchmarking tool for MQTT Servers.
A command line interface for connecting various MQTT clients supporting MQTT 5.0 and 3.1.1.
Simple MQTT Client command line (Python) (use paho lib).
Command line tool to remove retained MQTT topics by wildcard.
A simple fuzzer for the MQTT protocol.
Scalability and load testing utilities for MQTT environments.
Mirror MQTT traffic from one broker to another. Available as a CLI tool, Helm chart or Docker image.
Simple cli tool for recording and replaying MQTT messages.
A simple interactive shell for MQTT.
Java based MQTT frontend. Supports scripting.
A practical MQTT Tool with an innovative UI, designed for developers to efficiently create, test, and manage MQTT-based applications, enhancing their development and support workflows.
Displays all Topics in an expandable tree, helps to get an overview if you have a lot of clients publishing. (python, tkinter)
A collection of MQTT utilities.
Subscription only web-based client – like Twitter wall for MQTT.
Node.js Module to match a MQTT Topic against wildcards.
MQTT Client written in Java based on Eclipse Paho. Supports scripting.
MQTT Client for shell scripting.
A general MQTT testing app for iOS (iPhone and iPad).
Elysia-style application framework for MQTT on Bun and TypeScript. Compose broker adapters, ordered middleware, typed topic routes, MQTT 5 RPC, and AsyncAPI 3.0 docs with `new MqttApp().use(...)`.
A Google Chrome application, which connects to a MQTT broker and is able to subscribe and publish to MQTT topics.
Tool to visualize your MQTT topics in a topic hierarchy, a MQTT swiss-army knife.
Simple lightweight terminal based MQTT monitor and publisher.
Text console-based, interactive shell for exercising various tasks associated with MQTT client communications.
A Slack app to send messages from Slack to MQTT brokers with slash commands.
MQTT dissector for Wireshark.
Simple MQTT client integrated in Visual Studio Code.
Cross-platform MQTT desktop client open sourced by EMQ, which supports macOS, Linux, and Windows.
Simulate up to 100,000 MQTT clients per server for development/testing/deployment of IoT applications.
Subscriber client to monitor MQTT Topic Statistics.
Simple and lightweight console moniotor for mqtt topics, with eye-candies, in python 3.
A console-based MQTT client and commander, especially useful for IoT, Tasmota, and Node-RED setups.
Unified MQTT v5.0 CLI for publishing, subscribing, running a broker, and benchmarking with multi-transport support.
Open source client implementations for C,C++, Java, Python, JavaScript, GoLang, C#, Rust, Android and Embedded (Arduino/mbed).
[mosquitto_pub](https://mosquitto.org/man/mosquitto_pub-1.html) and [mosquitto_sub](https://mosquitto.org/man/mosquitto_sub-1.html) CLI clients for most operating systems and [libmosquitto](https://mosquitto.org/man/libmosquitto-3.html) for integration.
The idiomatic asyncio MQTT client.
Python MQTT v5.0 client (asyncio-based).
Python MQTT client using asyncio.
MQTT Client Library for CircuitPython.
MQTT client for Node.js.
Polymer elements for MQTT.
Polymer Element that wraps other Elements and links them to MQTT topics.
Vert.x component that provides methods for connecting/disconnecting to a broker, publishing messages and subscribing to topics.
High-performance Java MQTT client library with different API flavours for MQTT 5.0 and 3.1.1.
Ballerina MQTT client based on paho-mqtt.
MQTT client for C++14 based on Boost.Asio.
A portable MQTT C client for embedded systems and PCs alike.
A client implementation of the MQTT written in C for embedded use. It supports SSL/TLS via the wolfSSL library.
A Clojure MQTT Client.
Dart MQTT client.
MQTT 5.0 compliant secure client with automatic back pressure management and TCP & WebSocket transport support.
MQTT client and broker .NET implementations.
MQTT server and client components.
MQTT Client Library for Delphi. Alpha and long term unmaintained.
MQTT client.
MQTT Clients, Servers and Load Testers in Go.
iOS, macOS, tvOS native ObjectiveC MQTT Client Framework.
MQTT Objective-C client for iOS.
A wrapper for the Mosquitto MQTT client library for PHP.
Pure Ruby gem that implements the MQTT protocol.
MQTT protocol library for Rust.
Type-safe async MQTT client built on rumqttc, with derive macros for typed topics, automatic (de)serialization, and tree-based message routing.
A fast, lock free pure Rust MQTT client.
Complete async MQTT v5.0 client and broker library for Rust with TCP, TLS, WebSocket, and QUIC support.
MQTT for iOS and macOS written with Swift.
MQTT Client for iOS written in Swift.
Small library to connect to a MQTT broker. Very, very basic, and not maintained.
Java based Logic and scripting engine for use with MQTT. Uses Java's general scripting interface, so scripts can be written in a multitude of languages like JavaScript, Groovy etc.
Node.js based script runner.
A visual tool for wiring the Internet of Things.
Arduino sketch, grab One-wire Temperature's and publish to a MQTT broker.
An Arduino library to ease the use of the ESP32 in IoT projects. See [c't Magazin 2'2018 (German)](https://www.heise.de/select/ct/2018/2/1515452111258448).
A hackable & portable MQTT-powered mini dashboard and control center.
Arduino NRF24L01 based sensor network with support for an MQTT gateway.
Arduino RFM69 based sensors and MQTT gateway.
Connect a RaspberryPis GPIOs and 1-Wire Temperature Sensors to MQTT.
XBee to MQTT gateway.
A client library for the Arduino Ethernet Shield that provides support for MQTT.
BLE to MQTT bridge, exposes BLE GATT characteristics as MQTT topics for bidirectional communication.
MQTT over mesh WiFi integrated library for ESP8266.
MQTT client library for ESP8266.
ESP8266 based bidirectional gateway between MQTT and IR. Use with PlatformIO.
Connect to MQTT with micropython and wipy/others (ESP32 inside).
Lua script to connect ESP8266 GPIOs to MQTT.
Turns ESP into a multifunction sensor device for <abbr title="Home automation">HA</abbr> solutions with web-based configuration.
Builds ESP8266/ESP32 firmware from concise YAML descriptions, uploads to and manages flashed devices.
<abbr title="Home automation">HA</abbr> firmware for ESP8266-based devices with rich web UI and ≈120 devices supported out of the box.
Smart device firmware for ESP8266/ESP32 supporting remote monitoring and controlling via MQTT with end-to-end encryption. The firmware is open source and it can be uploaded to the ESP device directly from the website.
MQTT gateway for ESP8266, ESP32, Sonoff RF Bridge or Arduino with bidirectional 433mhz/315mhz/868mhz, Infrared communications, BLE, beacons detection, mi flora, mi jia, LYWSD02, LYWSD03MMC, Mi Scale compatibility, SMS & LORA.
Firmware for ESP8266 devices with web-based configuration. ≈500 devices supported (not only Sonoffs).
ESP8266/ESP32 firmware builder. Partly in Russian. Free features are limited.
There are many inexpensive smart home Wi-Fi devices based on inexpensive ESP8266 chip (see: 1, 2, 3). Most of them can be reflashed with custom firmware.
Here are complete firmwares to turn them into MQTT-controlled smart home nodes:
A MQTT client for CODESYS PLC.
Modbus master which publishes register values via MQTT.
Bi Directional MQTT to OPCUA Bridge.
MQTT Gateway (publisher/subscriber) with various plug-ins (OPC UA Bridge, SQL Bridge, REST Bridge, SAP Bridge).
Interface between Asterisk and MQTT.
Connect FRITZ!Box to MQTT.
A SIP monitoring script that publishes incoming calls with CallerID to MQTT.
Docker Gateway to send/receive SMS through MQTT using an USB GSM dongle (gammu).
Check for Docker image updates and publish to MQTT, in structure to support Home Assistant's automated Updates and Discovery.
Operating-system related data, published to an MQTT broker at fixed intervals.
Execute shell commands triggered by published MQTT messages.
Control processes via MQTT. Ability to send signals via MQTT and to publish stdout/stderr or pipe MQTT payloads into stdin.
Recursively watch a directory for modifications and publish file content to an MQTT broker.
Utility reporting system health and status via MQTT.
Remotely control Windows through MQTT.
Route and transform MQTT notifications, with 70+ built-in adapters for databases, messaging and other notification sinks.
Python based SNMP v2 and v3 bridge to MQTT, active project in late 2025.
Publishes Claude Code (Anthropic's AI coding agent) usage telemetry to MQTT with Home Assistant auto-discovery. 15 sensors, mood classifier.
A Nagios/Icinga plugin for checking connectivity to an MQTT broker.
Nagios event broker to MQTT gateway.
A Nagios/Icinga notification module which wraps data into JSON and fires it off to an MQTT broker.
Subscribe to a topic and show notifications from MQTT messages on Ubuntu & other notify-send compatible Linux distros.
Location tracking and geofencing for MQTT.
MQTT Input Plugin for Graylog.
Subscribe to MQTT topics and insert into InfluxDB.
Send MQTT messages to Elasticsearch.
Use with [carbon](https://mqttwarn.readthedocs.io/en/latest/notifier-catalog.html#carbon) plugin.
A collectd "Exec" plugin for MQTT.
A Python logging handler module for MQTT.
Subscribe to MQTT topics and insert into MongoDB.
Air quality monitoring integration.
Amcrest doorbell to MQTT bridge. Uses Home Assistant's MQTT discovery protocol.
BLE-to-MQTT bridge for smart scales (23 brands) with Home Assistant auto-discovery. Reads weight + impedance, calculates body composition, publishes all 11 metrics with LWT and display precision. [Website](https://blescalesync.dev).
Aqara (Xiaomi) Gateway to MQTT bridge.
Attach [Aqara](https://www.aqara.com) Smart Hubs to MQTT.
Self-hosted management tool for Bambu Lab 3D printers using MQTT, with real-time monitoring, scheduling, and Home Assistant integration.
CAN-Bus - MQTT Bridge (also works vice versa).
Bi-directional CAN Bus to MQTT.
Interface between [Busware CUL](https://shop.busware.de/product_info.php/cPath/1/products_id/29) (868MHz RF-Devices like ELV FS20, HMS, EM, etc.) and MQTT.
Connects to a Domiq Base (LCN) and translate from and to MQTT.
Interface between an Enocean USB300 (TCM310) adapter and MQTT.
MQTT Interface for the Honeywell Evohome system.
MQTT integration for Fronius SolarAPI.
Docker Gateway to control GARDENA Smart system devices (Sileno mower, Irrigation Control, etc.) through MQTT.
A daemon for syncing a helios easy controls system like my KWL EC 220D to MQTT.
Interface between EQ-3's Homematic line of smarthome devices and MQTT. Supports Homematic IP.
Bidirectional Interface between homee and MQTT.
Gateway between TPLink HS100/HS110 and MQTT.
Home Assistant application (Add-on) and MQTT bridge for Huawei solar inverters (SUN2000/3000/5000).
A small FTP server to receive movement images from ipcameras and turn them into MQTT alerts.
Bridges KNX and MQTT using the knx.js library.
Interface between the KNX home automation standard and MQTT.
Plug-in for HS3 (HomeSeer).
MQTT digitalSTROM-Server Bridge.
Adding motion-status from UniFi Protect Cameras to MQTT.
Roughly the opposite of [homekit2mqtt](https://github.com/hobbyquaker/homekit2mqtt): Control your HomeKit-enabled devices with MQTT and without Siri or iPhone.
Gateway for Loxone™ mini server to communicate with MQTT broker.
Bridge between [SmartThings](https://www.smartthings.com/) and MQTT.
Bridge between the Xiaomi Smart Home Gateway Aquara and a MQTT server.
Allows you to use your Zigbee devices without the vendors (Xiaomi/TRADFRI/Hue) bridge/gateway.
Zwave to Mqtt gateway and Control Panel Web UI.
Home Automation system with native MQTT support, and the world's largest non-commercial Open Source project.
Home Automation system with MQTT support.
Includes a [MQTT module](https://fhem.de/commandref.html#MQTT) since V5.6.
Based on MQTT.
Built in MQTT support.
Supports remote controlling and monitoring via MQTT with end-to-end encryption.
Interface between [HAP-NodeJS](https://github.com/homebridge/HAP-NodeJS) and MQTT. Control MQTT connected devices with Siri or HomeKit Apps.
Includes a [MQTT adapter](https://github.com/ioBroker/ioBroker.mqtt).
Includes a [MQTT binding](https://github.com/openhab/openhab1-addons/wiki/MQTT-Binding).
A pure-Lua open-source emulation of the Vera Luup home automation environment with MQTT.
MQTT plugin included.
Scriptable smart home automation engine with AI assistance.
MQTT bridge that publishes product price data with Home Assistant MQTT discovery support.
Telegram bi-directional integration as alternative to HomeAssistant's built-in support.
This is an alternative firmware for Arilux LED controllers which uses MQTT.
Control Chromoflex USP3 RGB LED modules via MQTT.
Interface between the Philips Hue bridge and MQTT.
DMX Controller with MQTT support.
Headless counterpart to MQTT DMX Controller - use scenes and sequences exported from the MQTT DMX Controller and control them via MQTT.
Control Sunricher LED devices using MQTT.
MQTT Bridge for IKEA TRÅDFRI Light Gateway.
MQTT controlled Multi-Room Audio with Airplay/Airtunes Devices.
Control your Sony Bravia TV with MQTT.
MQTT client to control BroadLink RM devices.
Control your Google Chromecast devices using MQTT.
A simple server allowing you to query/control multiple local Harmony Home Hubs over HTTP or MQTT.
Bridge between an HTD Lync audio system and MQTT.
Interface between a Kodi media center instance and MQTT.
Interface between LG WebOS Smart TVs and MQTT.
Send and receive infrared via [LIRC](https://www.lirc.org).
MQTT features for Mopidy.
MQTT Docker to launch DashCast session on Chromecast.
Control Atlona HDMI matrix switches with MQTT.
Make TiVo DVR remote control available through an MQTT smarthome style interface.
Interface between Onkyo AVR's EISCP network remote protocol and MQTT. Uses the onkyo-eiscp library.
A bridge between Sonos and MQTT.
Control VLC via MQTT.
A simple plugin for XBMC to listen for a particular topic on an MQTT broker, and display a popup message.
A simple adapter for connection Yamaha AVR to MQTT.
Publish measurements from TQ Energy Manager / [Busch-Jäger Energy Monitor](https://www.busch-jaeger.de/files/files_ONLINE/Brosch%c3%bcre_EnergyMonitor_druck.pdf) to MQTT.
The easiest way to track your Raspberry Pi or Ubuntu computer system health and performance in Home Assistant via MQTT.
A MQTT to IRC / IRC to MQTT bridge or bot.
Subscribe to MQTT topics (with wildcards) and notify pluggable services.
A python daemon that uses the Twitter Streaming API to access tweets and republishes them to an MQTT topic.
Bridge between Amazon Alexa and MQTT.
Listen for images on file server, analyze and create Home Assistant entities via MQTT Discovery.
Easily extensible Bluetooth to MQTT gateway, currently supports: EQ3 smart thermostat, Xiaomi Mi Scale, Linak Desk, MySensors and Xiaomi Mi Flora plant sensor.
Bridge between Buderus KM200 internet gateway and MQTT.
Python program to enable MQTT control endpoints for chromecasts (both audio and video).
Publish Amazon Dash Button presses to MQTT.
Publish measurements from Parrot Flower Power plant sensors to MQTT.
Control (almost) any smart home device, any smart home software, with Google Assistant. Therefore, it transforms actions received from Google by voice commands to MQTT messages.
A bridge between Haiku smart fans and MQTT.
Collection of Go daemons for connecting Domoticz and other stuff.
Bridge between Vorwerk Kobold Vr200 internet gateway and MQTT.
Extract data from Nissan Leaf API and post to MQTT.
Linux service to send Xiaomi Mi Flora plant sensor data to an MQTT broker.
A web gateway that optimizes any MQTT broker when sending real-time data to web clients with automatic throttling.
A way to bridge MQTT topics to BLE Gatt characteristics.
MQTT Client with tasker integration Android app.
A JSON store with MQTT interface.
Stream images from a connected camera over MQTT & view using Streamlit.
Open Source Android app that lets you control everything with your smartphone. Download it from Google Play.
A simple service which consumes, transforms and periodically republish json messages on MQTT.
Node.js Controller and MQTT API for Anki Overdrive.
Sample code which uses MQTT to control a Parrot AR Drone.
Bridge between the Ixian decentralized P2P network and MQTT/REST. Enables encrypted peer-to-peer messaging for IoT devices with post-quantum security (ML-KEM + AES-256 + ChaCha20).
A Linux gateway to connect low-cost microcontrollers only with a serial port to MQTT.
Publish MQTT Messages on Snowboy Hotword Detection.
Run speedtest-cli and publish results via MQTT.
Publish connected clients from Ubiquiti Unifi to MQTT.
Xiaomi (Roborock) Vacuum Robots Firmware with MQTT and Webinterface.
Addon for a popular DIY barbecue thermometer.
Android Tasker mqtt plugin.
MQTT-ETCD gateway: PUT keys on ETCD through MQTT, and watch ETCD key changes on MQTT topics.
Industrial SCADA/HMI system with MQTT support (plus IEC 61850, OPC UA, Modbus TCP). Runs from a single HTML file in any browser, zero installation. 53 function blocks, 65 graphic elements, real-time trends.
A dashboard that taps into your IOT network, using only MQTT and JSON.
A MQTT Topic Tree viewer using the d3 collapsible tree and MQTT over websockets.
Dashboard editor powered by Web Components and MQTT
MQTT client and dashboard application.
A configurable MQTT Visualization.
Easy, customizable control panel - MQTT-client.
This is an extension for the MagicMirror². It provides the ability to subscribe to MQTT topics and display them.
Self-hostable MQTT dashboard/explorer with drag-and-drop panels like cron, button, log and topic browser to help interact and monitor MQTT topics
Android App: With the app you can create dashboards for your MQTT enabled IoT Smart Home devices and applications.
A universal independent MQTT Dashboard for Linux/Raspberry Pi.
A web interface for testing interaction between MQTT.Cool and any MQTT broker.
A web interface for MQTT.
A small service which will convert mqtt messages to prometheus metrics.
Subscribe to MQTT, extract JSON from a message and make lights blink on an SVG page.
MQTT-based IoT dashboard visualization tool. Allows easy dashboards sharing. Works with any MQTT broker supporting the WSS protocol.
Plotting live numbered data from a subscribed MQTT topic using Highcharts.
MQTT dashboard application.
A dashboard UI for Node-RED.
Visualize time series (from sources such as: MQTT, Websockets, ZeroMQ, UDP, etc., supports data formats such as JSON, CBOR, BSON, Message Pack, etc.). It is a fast, powerful and intuitive cross-platform tool.
Free, open-source Material 3 MQTT dashboard for Android, built for Zigbee2MQTT with automatic device discovery.
Other tools that can be used to create Visualization/Dashboards can be found under Platforms and Smart Home Integration Software.
Smart home automation with MQTT as the central message bus - Architectural proposal.
A lightweight MQTT convention for the IoT.
Easier TLS certificate management for brokers.
Broker mis-configuration detection for cyber protection.
IoT Broker penetration-testing and security assessment operations.
End-to-end encryption and key management for MQTT and other M2M protocols – Open-source and paid plans.