Network Analysis

GitHub repository ↗ synced 2026/8/9

Awesome Network Analysis

An awesome list of resources to construct, analyze and visualize network data.

Inspired by Awesome Deep Learning, Awesome Math and others. Started in 2016, and irregularly updated since then.

Network of U.S. political blogs by Adamic and Glance (2004) (preprint).

Books

Classics

A Novitiate in a Period of Change: An Experimental and Case Study of Social Relationships, by Samuel F. Sampson (unpublished PhD dissertation, 1968).
Social Network Analysis, by John Scott (2017).
Social Network Analysis. Methods and Applications, by Stanley Wasserman and Katherine Faust (1994).
The Structure and Dynamics of Networks, edited by Mark E.J. Newman, Albert-László Barabási and Duncan J. Watts - 600 pages of classic network analysis articles (2006).

Dissemination

Accessible introductions aimed at non-technical audiences.

Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives, by Nicholas A. Christakis and James H. Fowler (2009).
Linked: The New Science of Networks, by Albert-László Barabási (2002).
Network Literacy: Essential Concepts and Core ideas, by the NetSciEd team (c. 2016) - Available in several languages (paper).
Nexus. Small Worlds and the Groundbreaking Theory of Networks, by Mark Buchanan (2003).
Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age, by Duncan J. Watts (2003).

General Overviews

L'analyse de réseau en sciences sociales. Petit guide pratique, by Laurent Beauguitte, in French (2023). Readable online.
The Atlas for the Aspiring Network Scientist, by Michele Coscia (2021).
Encyclopedia of Social Networks, edited by George A. Barnett - Covers all sorts of network-related themes (many of them not formal) as well as social network analysis (2011).
Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining, edited by Reda Alhajj and Jon Rokne (2014).
A First Course in Network Science, by Filippo Menczer, Santo Fortunato, and Clayton A. Davis - Tutorials, datasets and other resouces on GitHub (2020).
Network Science, by Albert-László Barabási - Full book online (2016).
Network Science, by the U.S. National Research Council - Full book online (2005).
Network Science: Theory and Practice, by Ted G. Lewis (2011).
Networks. An Introduction, by Mark E.J. Newman (2010).
Networks, Crowds, and Markets: Reasoning About a Highly Connected World, by David Easley and Jon Kleinberg - Full pre-publication draft (review; 2010).
Réseaux sociaux et structures relationnelles, by Emmanuel Lazega, in French (2014).
The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis, edited by John Scott and Peter J. Carrington (2011).
Sociologie des réseaux sociaux, by Pierre Mercklé, in French (2011).
Social and Economic Networks, by Matthew O. Jackson (2008).
Social Network Analysis with Applications, by Ian McCulloh, Helen Armstrong and Anthony Johnson (2013).
Social Networks. An Introduction, by Omar Lizardo and Isaac Jilbert - free to read online (2023).
Social Networks: An Introduction, by Jeroen Bruggeman (related material; 2008).
Studying Social Networks. A Guide to Empirical Research, by Marina Hennig et al. (2013).
Understanding Social Networks. Theories, Concepts, and Findings, by Charles Kadushin (2012).

Graph Theory

Combinatorics and Graph Theory, by John Harris, Jeffry L. Hirst and Michael Mossinghoff (2008).
The Fascinating World of Graph Theory, by Arthur Benjamin, Gary Chartrand and Ping Zhang (2015).
Graph Theory, by John A. Bondy and Uppaluri S.R. Murty (2008).
Graph Theory, by Reinhard Diestel - Full book online, also in Chinese and German (2016).
Graph Theory, by Frank Harary - Full book online (1969).
Graphs & Digraphs, by Gary Chartrand, Linda Lesniak and Ping Zhang (2016).
Introduction to Combinatorics and Graph Theory, by David Guichard - Full book online (2016).
Modern Graph Theory, by Belá Bollobás (1998).

Method-specific

Bayesian Networks in R with Applications in Systems Biology, by Radhakrishnan Nagarajan, Marco Scutari and Sophie Lèbre (website; 2013).
Bayesian Networks with Examples in R, by Marco Scutari and Jean-Baptiste Denis (website; 2014).
The Book of Trees. Visualizing Branches of Knowledge, by Manuel Lima - Hundreds of beautiful tree diagrams, from all periods of history (2014).
Exponential Random Graph Models for Social Networks, edited by Dean Lusher, Johan Koskinen and Garry Robins (2013).
Generalized Blockmodeling. Structural Analysis in the Social Sciences, by Patrick Doreian, Vladimir Batagelj and Anuška Ferligoj (2004).
Handbook of Graph Drawing and Visualization, edited by Roberto Tamassia (chapter proofs; 2013).
Handbuch Historische Netzwerkforschung. Grundlagen und Anwendungen, edited by Marten Düring et al., in German (2016).
An Introduction to Exponential Random Graph Modeling, by Jenine K. Harris (2014).
Knoten und Kanten. Soziale Netzwerkanalyse in Wirtschafts- und Migrationsforschung, edited by Markus Gamper and Linda Reschke, in German (2010).
Knoten und Kanten 2.0. Soziale Netzwerkanalyse in Medienforschung und Kulturanthropologie, edited by Markus Gamper, Linda Reschke and Michael Schönhuth, in German (2012).
Knoten und Kanten III. Soziale Netzwerkanalyse in Geschichts- und Politikforschung, edited by Markus Gamper, Linda Reschke and Marten Düring, in German and English (2015).
Inferential Network Analysis, by Skyler J. Cranmer, Bruce A. Desmarais and Jason Morgan (2020).
Multilayer Social Networks, by Mark E. Dickison, Matteo Magnani and Luca Rossi (2016).
Multilevel Network Analysis for the Social Sciences, edited by Emmanuel Lazega and Tom A.B. Snijders (2016).
Multimodal Political Networks, by David Knoke, Mario Diani, James Hollway and Dimitri Christopulos (2021).
Multivariate Network Visualization, edited by Andreas Kerren, Helen C. Purchase and Matthew O. Ward (2014).
Network Analysis in Archaeology, edited by Carl Knappett (2013; review in French).
Network Analysis: Methodological Foundations, edited by Ulrik Brandes and Thomas Erlebach - Covers network centrality, clustering, blockmodels, spatial networks and more (2005).
Political Networks. The Structural Perspective, by David Knoke (1994).
Social Network Analysis for Ego-Nets: Social Network Analysis for Actor-Centred Networks, by Nick Crossley et al. (2015).
Understanding Large Temporal Networks and Spatial Networks, by Vladimir Batagelj et al. (2014).

Software-specific

Algorithmic Graph Theory and Sage, by David Joyner, Minh Van Nguyen, and David Phillips - Full book online (2013).
Analyzing Social Networks (using UCINET), by Stephen P. Borgatti, Martin G. Everett and Jeffrey C. Johnson (2013).
A User’s Guide to Network Analysis in R, by Douglas A. Luke (2015).
Data Science and Complex Networks: Real Case Studies with Python, by Guido Caldarelli and Alessandro Chessa (2016).
Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek, by Wouter de Nooy, Andrej Mrvar and Vladimir Batagelj (2011; also in Japanese and in Chinese).
Gephi Cookbook (2015).
Graph Drawing Software (covering many programs), edited by Michael Jünger and Petra Mutzel (2004).
Introduction to Social Network Methods (using mostly UCINET), by Robert A. Hanneman and Mark Riddle - Full book online (2001).
Mastering Gephi Network Visualization, by Ken Cherven (2015).
Network Analysis with R/igraph, by Gabor Csárdi, Thomas Nepusz and Eduardo M. Airoldi (in preparation).
Network Analysis with Python/igraph, by Thomas Nepusz, Gabor Csárdi and Eduardo M. Airoldi (in preparation).
Network Graph Analysis and Visualization with Gephi, by Ken Cherven (2013).
R for Social Network Analysis (R4SNA), by Termeh Shafie and David Schoch (work in progress).
Social Network Analysis for Startups. Finding Connections on the Social Web (using Python), by Maksim Tsvetovat and Alexander Kouznetsov (code; 2011).
Statistical Analysis of Network Data with R, by Eric D. Kolaczyk and Gabor Csárdi (R package; 2014).

Topic-specific

Communities and Networks: Using Social Network Analysis to Rethink Urban and Community Studies, by Katherine Giuffre (2013).
Comparing Policy Networks. Labor Politics in the U.S., Germany, and Japan, by David Knoke et al. (1996).
Conducting Personal Network Research: A Practical Guide, by Christopher McCarty et al. (2019).
- Egocentric Network Analysis with R - An online book/tutorial that covers a lot of similar ground.
The Connected Past. Challenges to Network Studies in Archaeology and History edited by Tom Brughmans, Anna Collar and Fiona Coward (2016; companion website).
The Development of Social Network Analysis: A Study in the Sociology of Science, by Linton C. Freeman, in English and several other languages (2004; follow-up paper, 2011).
Dynamical Networks in Psychology: More Than A Pretty Picture?, by Laura Bringmann (2016; PhD dissertation).
Dynamical Processes on Complex Networks, by Alain Barrat, Marc Barthélemy and Alessandro Vespignani (2008).
Economic Networks: Theory and Computation, by John Stachurski and Thomas J. Sargent (2022).
Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis, by Alex Fornito, Andrew Zalesky and Edward Bullmore (2016).
Inside Criminal Networks, by Carlo Morselli (2009).
Neighbor Networks. Competitive Advantage Local and Personal, by Ronald S. Burt (2010).
Network Analysis Literacy. A Practical Approach to the Analysis of Networks, by Katharina A. Zweig (2016).
Networks in Social Policy Problems, edited by Balázs Vedres and Marco Scotti (2012).
The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Networks, edited by Yann Bramoullé, Andrea Galeotti and Brian Rogers (2016).
Policy Debates as Dynamic Networks: German Pension Politics and Privatization Discourse, by Philip Leifeld (2016).
Small Worlds: The Dynamics of Networks between Order and Randomness, by Duncan J. Watts (2003).
Theories of Communication Networks, by Peter Monge and Nosh Contractor (2003).
The Chessboard and the Web. Strategies of Connection in a Networked World, by Anne-Marie Slaughter (2017); applies network science to world politics.
Towards Relational Sociology, by Nick Crossley (2011).
Die Verbundenheit der Dinge. Eine Kulturgeschichte der Netze und Netzwerke [The Connectedness of Things. A Cultural History of Nets and Networks], by Sebastian Gießmann, in German (2014).
Verdeckte soziale Netzwerke im Nationalsozialismus. Die Entstehung und Arbeitsweise von Berliner Hilfsnetzwerken für verfolgte Juden [Hidden Social Networks in National Socialism: The origins and working methods of Berlin assistance networks for persecuted Jews], by Marten Düring, in German (2015; related publications and video presentation in English).
Visualisierung komplexer Strukturen. Grundlagen der Darstellung mehrdimensionaler Netzwerke, by Lothar Krempel, in German.

Conferences

CNDay - Cambridge Networks Day

Convened by the Cambridge Networks Network.

PolNet - Annual Political Networks Workshops and Conference

Organized by the APSA Organized Section on Political Networks (PolNet).

NetSci - International School and Conference on Social Networks

Organized by the Network Science Society (NetSci).

Sunbelt - Social Networks Conference of the International Network for Social Network Analysis

Organized by the International Network for Social Network Analysis (INSNA).

Recurring conferences on network analysis.

Courses

Complex Networks, by Rémy Cazabet (University Lyon 1 and ENS Lyon, 2022).
- Network Science CheatSheets.
Complex Networks, by Peter Sheridan Dodds (University of Vermont, 2016).
- Tarot Cards for Principles of Complex Systems and Complex Networks.
Graph Theory and Applications, by Paul Van Dooren - Full lecture slides (Hamilton Institute, Dublin, 2009).
Graph Theory (Mathematics), by Christopher Griffin - Full lecture notes (Penn State University, 2012).
Graphs and Networks, by Dan Spielman (Yale University, 2013).
Network Analysis and Modeling (Computer Science), by Aaron Clauset - Full lecture slides and readings (University of Colorado, 2022).
Networks, Complexity and Its Applications (Media Arts and Sciences), by Cesar Hidalgo (MIT, 2011).
Networks, Crowds and Markets, by David Easley, Jon Kleinberg and Eva Tardos (presentation; Cornell University via edX, 2016).
Networks (Economics), by Mardavij Roozbehani and Evan Sadler (MIT, 2018).
- Networks (Economics), by Daron Acemoglu and Asu Ozdaglar (MIT, 2009).
Network Science (Computer Science), by Constantine Dovrolis - Mostly open access readings (Georgia Tech, 2015).
Political Networks: Methods and Applications, by Zeev Maoz (University of California in Davis, 2012).
Social and Economic Networks: Models and Analysis, by Matthew O. Jackson (Stanford University via Coursera, 2015).
Social Network Analysis, by Lada Adamic (University of Michigan via Coursera, not yet run).
Social Network Analysis and Intermediate Social Network Theory, by Matthew J. Denny - Workshop notes and slides (2014–5).
Social Network Analysis with Pajek, by Andrej Mrvar (University of Ljubljana, 2016).
Social Networks, by Dennis M. Feehan (University of Berkeley, 2017).
The Structure of Information Networks, by Jon Kleinberg - Links to many diverse readings (Cornell University, 2008).

Datasets

Animal Social Network Repository

Large “[multi-species repository of social networks](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0056-z).”

Bill Cosponsorship Networks in European Parliaments

Legislative cosponsorship networks, in R format.

Colorado Index of Complex Networks (ICON)

Large collection of networks described and indexed by Aaron Clauset’s research group.

Connectome

Comprehensive maps of neural connections.

Hetionet: an integrative network of disease

A complex biological network, available in multiple formats, including JSON and [Neo4j](https://neo4j.het.io/browser/).

igraphdata

R data-centric package.

igraphwalshdata

Another R data-centric package.

Interaction Web Database

Ecological species interactions.

International Currencies 1890-1910

Historical data on the international connections between 45 currencies.

KONECT - The Koblenz Network Collection

Includes, among other things, networks of collaboration in DBpedia and Wikipedia, GitHub ([companion handbook](https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.5500)).

Linton Freeman’s Network Data

Over 300 datasets of all sorts, in UCINET format.

Mangal

Online platform to analyze, archive and share ecological network data ([preprint](https://doi.org/10.1101/002634), [Python package](https://github.com/mangal-wg/pymangal), [R package](https://github.com/mangal-wg/rmangal)).

Network Repository

Fully searchable database containing hundreds of real-world networks.

Network Science Book - Network Datasets

Network data sets from Albert-László Barabási’s _Network Science_ book. Includes data on IMDB actors, arXiv scientific collaboration, network of routers, the US power grid, protein-protein interactions, cell phone users, citation networks, metabolic reactions, e-mail networks, and nd.edu Web pages.

Norwegian Interlocking Directorate, 2002-2011

Two-mode and one-mode data on gender representation in Norwegian firms.

Movie galaxies

A database of movie characters interaction graphs.

SocioPatterns Datasets

Network data obtained through the [SocioPatterns](http://www.sociopatterns.org/) sensing platform.

State Networks

US state-to-state relational variables, including borders, travel, trade and more.

tnet Datasets

Weighted network data.

UC Berkeley Social Networks Study (UCNets)

Ego-centric data (personal networks) from a five-year panel study.

UCINET Datasets

Network data in UCINET format.

Journals

Journals that are not fully open-access are marked as “gated”. Please also note that some of the publishers listed below are deeply hurting scientific publishing.

Applied Network Science (Springer Open).
ARCS – Analyse de réseaux pour les sciences sociales / Network Analysis for the Social Sciences, in English and in French (GDR ARSHS).
Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory (Springer, gated).
Computational Social Networks (Springer Open).
Connections (INSNA).
IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering (IEEE).
Journal of Complex Networks (Oxford, gated).
The Journal of Mathematical Sociology (Taylor & Francis, gated).
Journal of Social Structure (INSNA). Older archives.
NETCOM. Networks and Communication Studies, in English and in French (Revues.org).
Network Science (Cambridge, gated).
Online Social Networks and Media (Elsevier, gated).
REDES. Revista hispana para el análisis de redes sociales, in Spanish (INSNA).
Social Network Analysis and Mining (Springer, gated).
Social Networks (Elsevier, gated).

Professional Groups

AFS RT 26 “Réseaux sociaux”

Thematic Network of the French Sociological Association (AFS), in French ([old website](https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164221/http://www.cmh.pro.ens.fr/reseaux-sociaux/)).

APSA Political Networks

Organized Section of the American Political Science Association (APSA).

ECPR Political Networks SG

Standing Group of the European Consortium for Political Research.

GDR ARSHS - GDR Analyse de réseaux en sciences humaines et sociales, in French - Research group based in Paris.
Groupe FMR - Flux, Matrices, Réseaux, in French.
INSNA - International Network for Social Network Analysis (SOCNET mailing-list).
Mathematical Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association (ASA).
NetSci - Network Science Society.
Society of Young Network Scientists (SYNS). Supports early-career network scientists.

Research Groups (USA)

Annenberg Networks Network (ANN)

Research group studying social networks at the University of Southern California.

Center for Applied Network Analysis (CANA)

Research group based at the University of Southern California School of Medicine.

Channing Division of Network Medicine

Research division within the Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital.

Complex Human Networks Reading Group (CoHN)

Reading list from a seminar held at MIT in 2001–2.

Interdependence in Governance and Policy Research Group

Led by Bruce A. Desmarais at Penn State University.

Network Science IGERT at the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB)

Features an [NSF-funded](http://www.igert.org/) graduate programme.

Networks, Computation, and Social Dynamics Lab

Headed by Carter T. Butts. Part of the [Center for Networks and Relational Analysis](http://relationalanalysis.org/) (CNRA) at the University of California in Irvine.

Northeastern University Network Science Institute

Features a PhD in Network Science program.

Northeastern University Center for Complex Network Research

Led by Albert-László Barabási.

Northeastern University MOBS Lab - Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems

Led by Alessandro Vespignani.

Pacific Ecoinformatics and Computational Ecology Lab

Non-profit study group of ecological networks (“food webs”).

Network-focused research centers, (reading) groups, institutes, labs – you name it – based in the USA.

Research Groups (Other)

Cambridge Networks Network (CNN)

Research network on complex networks.

Centre for Business Network Analysis, University of Greenwich

Focused on economic/organisational network analysis.

Center for Network Science, Central European University, Budapest

Features a PhD in Network Science program.

Complex Networks

Research group based in Paris.

Cx-Nets

Virtual collaboration between four complex networks research groups.

Data Science Group

Wroclaw-based research group that studies, among many things, complex networks and other network-related topics.

Digital Humanities

Interdisciplinary group of researchers at the Marc Bloch Centre in Berlin, with many network science projects.

Historical Network Research (HNR)

Platform for scholars interested in network analysis for historical research.

ANR-Lab - International Laboratory for Applied Network Research

Russian group based at the National Research University in Moscow.

Large Graphs and Networks

Research group at the Catholic University of Louvain ([official page](https://uclouvain.be/en/research-institutes/icteam/large-graphs-and-networks.html)).

Mitchell Centre for Social Network Analysis, University of Manchester

Currently studies [covert networks](http://www.socialsciences.manchester.ac.uk/mitchell-centre/research/covert-networks/).

Murata Laboratory

Tokyo-based research group, studying bi-, tri- and k-partite (hyper)networks.

NetLab

Research network at the University of Toronto, led by Barry Wellman.

Network Dynamics

Research Lab at McGill University, led by [Derek Ruths](http://www.derekruths.com/)

Networks, Data, and Society (NERDS)

Research group at IT University of Copenhagen.

Netzwerkerei

Historical research project on the connections between Jewish intellectuals.

ORIO - Observatoire des Réseaux Intra- et Inter-Organisationnels

A research program on networks and regulation.

SocioPatterns

Interdisciplinary research group that uses wireless sensors to study social network data.

Topographies of Entanglements. Mapping Medieval Networks

Research platform based at the Austrian Academy of Sciences that focuses on applying network theory and visualisation to medieval history.

Virtual Observatory for the Study of Online Networks (VOSON)

Research and software development project located at the Australian National University.

Network-focused research centers, (reading) groups, institutes, labs – you name it – based outside of the USA.

Forschungscluster der Universitäten Trier und Mainz “Gesellschaftliche Abhängigkeiten und soziale Netzwerke”, in German.
GDR Analyse de réseaux en sciences humaines et sociales – French research group with funds to support training and workshops on network analysis for social scientists.
- HNR Conferences, Workshops and Other Events.
- HNR Talks - Videos, in German.
- Theory and Methods in Network Analysis (“TMSA”) Summer Schools.
MelNet Social Network Research Group, Swinburne University of Technology.
Network Science Research Centre, Swansea University.
- ‘Réseaux et Régulation’ Conference Cycle - Seminar based at Sciences Po in Paris, France.
Redes-Sociales, in Spanish - Information network based at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
RES-HIST : Réseaux et histoire, in French - Blog posts from a research group on historical networks.
- RES-HIST Conferences.
SoNAR-C - Social Network Analysis Research Center, University of Italian Switzerland (USi).
UCL Centre for Organisational Network Analysis (CONA).

Review Articles

Archeological and Historical Networks

See also the bibliographies by Claire Lemercier and Claire Zalc (section on ‘études structurales’), by the Historical Network Research Group, and by Tom Brughmans.

Analyse de réseaux et histoire, in French (Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine, 2005).
Analyser les réseaux du passé en archéologie et en histoire, in French (Les Nouvelles de l’Archéologie, 2014).
Formale Methoden der Netzwerkanalyse in den Geschichtswissenschaften: Warum und Wie? [Formal Network Methods in History: Why and How?], in German (preprint in English; Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, 2012).
From Hermeneutics to Data to Networks: Data Extraction and Network Visualization of Historical Sources (Programming Historian, 2015).
Graph Theory and Networks in Biology (preprint; IET Systems Biology, 2007).
Introduction à la visualisation de données : l’analyse de réseau en histoire, in French (Geschichte und Informatik, 2015).
Introduction : où en est l’analyse de réseaux en histoire ? [Introducción: ¿en qué punto se encuentra el análisis de redes en Historia?], in French and Spanish (REDES, 2011).
Networks and History (Complexity, 2002).
Networks in Historical Research (in The Historian’s Macroscope, 2013).
Networks of Power in Archaeology (Annual Review of Anthropology, 2014).
Netzwerkanalyse in den Geschichtswissenschaften. Historische Netzwerkanalyse als Methode für die Erforschung von historischen Prozessen, in German (Prozesse. Formen, Dynamiken, Erklärungen, 2015).
The Roots and Shoots of Archaeological Network Analysis: A Citation Analysis and Review of the Archaeological Use of Formal Network Methods (Archaeological Review from Cambridge, 2014).
Thinking Through Networks: A Review of Formal Network Methods in Archaeology (Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 2013).

Bibliographic, Citation and Semantic Networks

Assessing Impact and Quality from Local Dynamics of Citation Networks (Journal of Informetrics, 2012).
Atypical Combinations and Scientific Impact (Science, 2013).
On Bibliographic Networks (Scientometrics, 2013).
Dynamic Scientific Co-Authorship Networks (Models of Science Dynamics, 2012).
Extracting Citation Networks from Publications in Classics (Digital Humanities Quarterly, 2016).
Self-Citations, Co-Authorships and Keywords: A New Approach to Scientists’ Field Mobility? (Scientometrics, 2007).
Socio-Semantic Frameworks (preprint; Advances in Complex Systems, 2013).
Socio-Semantic Modeling of Epistemic Communities (APSA, 2014).
Tradition and Innovation in Scientists’ Research Strategies (Annual Review of Sociology, 2015).

Biological, Ecological and Disease Networks

Network Biology: Understanding the Cell’s Functional Organization

Accessible introduction to (cellular) network analysis (_Nature Reviews Genetics_, 2004).

Structure and Dynamics of Molecular Networks: A Novel Paradigm of Drug Discovery. A Comprehensive Review

Also includes an impressive list of network analysis software (_Pharmacology & Therapeutics_, 2013).

Biological Networks (Handbook of Graph Drawing and Visualization, 2014).
Interactome Networks and Human Disease (Cell, 2011).
Network Analysis: An Integrative Approach to the Structure of Psychopathology (Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2013).
Network Medicine: A Network-based Approach to Human Disease (Nature Review Genetics, 2011).
Social Networks and the Spread of Infectious Diseases: the AIDS Example (Social Networks, 1985).

Complex and Multilayer Networks

The Architecture of Complexity

From network theory to complexity theory (_IEEE Control Systems Magazine_, 2007).

Complex Systems and Networks (special issue of Science, 2009).
Multilayer Networks in a Nutshell (Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, 2019).
Statistical Mechanics of Complex Networks (Reviews of Modern Physics, 2002).
The Structure and Function of Complex Networks (SIAM Review, 2003).

Ethics of Network Analysis

A Cautionary Note on Data Inputs and Visual Outputs in Social Network Analysis (SNA) (preprint; British Journal of Management, 2014).
Ethical Dilemmas in Social Network Research (special issue of Social Networks, 2005).
Ethical and Strategic Issues in Organizational Social Network Analysis (The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 2003).

Network Modeling

A Survey of Statistical Network Models

Book-length review ([preprint](https://arxiv.org/abs/0912.5410); _Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning_, 2010).

A Brief History of Statistical Models for Network Analysis and Open Challenges (Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 2012).
Basic Models and Questions in Statistical Network Analysis (Statistics Surveys, 2017).
Introduction to Stochastic Actor-Based Models for Network Dynamics (preprint; Social Networks, 2010).
Navigating the Range of Statistical Tools for Inferential Network Analysis (American Journal of Political Science, 2017).
Positional Analysis and Blockmodeling (Computational Complexity, 2012).
Social Network Evolution and Actor Oriented Models (Mathematics & Social Sciences, 1997).
Statistical Models for Social Networks (Annual Review of Sociology, 2011).
A Unified View of Generative Models for Networks: Models, Methods, Opportunities, and Challenges (video presentation; NIPS 2014 workshop on “Networks: From Graphs to Rich Data”).

Network Visualization

Explorations into the Visualization of Policy Networks (Journal of Theoretical Politics, 1999).
Graphical Techniques for Exploring Social Network Data (Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis, 2005).
Methods of Social Network Visualization (Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 2009; poster version).
Social Networks (Handbook of Graph Drawing and Visualization, 2013).

See also the bibliographies by Eszter Hargittai, by Pierre François and by Pierre Mercklé.

A propos de la notion de rôle dans l’analyse des relations sociales (Mathématiques et sciences humaines, 2011).
Brokerage (Annual Review of Sociology, 2012).
Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks (Annual Review of Sociology, 2001).
Mixed-Method Approaches to Social Network Analysis (ESRC NCRM Discussion Paper, 2010).
Network Analysis and Political Science (Annual Review of Political Science, 2011).
Network Analysis for International Relations (International Organization, 2009).
Network Analysis in the Social Sciences (Science, 2009).
Networks and Trade (Annual Review of Economics, 2018).
Networks in Social Psychology, Beginning with Kurt Lewin (Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining, 2014).
Networks in the Understanding of Economic Behaviors (Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2014).
Positions and Roles (The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis, 2011).
The Social and the Sexual: Networks in Contemporary Demographic Research (PSC Working Paper Series, 2013).
Social Network Analysis in the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence (preprint; PS: Political Science and Politics, 2011).
Social Networks and Crime: Pitfalls and Promises for Advancing the Field (Annual Review of Criminology, 2019).
Urban Social Networks: Some Methodological Problems and Possibilities (The Small World, 1989).

Selected Papers

A voluntarily short list of applied, epistemological and methodological articles, many of which have become classic readings in network analysis courses. Intended for highly motivated social science students with little to no prior exposure to network analysis.

Aux sources des grands réseaux d’interactions. Retour sur quelques propriétés déterminantes des réseaux sociaux issus de corpus documentaires, by Pascal Cristofoli, in French - Reviews the current state of relational sociology and network analysis in light of the large-scale and online data (Réseaux, 2008).
Birds of a Feather, Or Friend of a Friend? Using Exponential Random Graph Models to Investigate Adolescent Social Networks, by Steven M. Goodreau, James A. Kitts and Martina Morris - Accessible introduction to the logic and application of exponential random graph modeling (Demography, 2001).
Chains of Affection: The Structure of Adolescent Romantic and Sexual Networks, by Peter S. Bearman, James Moody and Katherine Stovel - Classic example of topological network analysis applied to a network of affective and sexual ties (American Journal of Sociology, 2004).
Coauthorship and Citation Patterns in the Physical Review, by Travis Martin et al. - Highly typical study of scientific publishing productivity and collaboration through temporal network analysis (preprint; Physical Review E, 2013).
The Convergence of Social and Technological Networks, by Jon Kleinberg - Discusses small-world effects and social contagion within the context of the Internet and social media (Communications of the ACM, 2008).
Deux traditions d’analyse des reseaux sociaux, by Michael Eve (English version; Réseaux, 2002).
Homophily and Contagion Are Generically Confounded in Observational Social Network Studies, by Cosma R. Shalizi and Andrew C. Thomas - Makes a very important point for the analysis of network diffusion and influence (Sociological Methods and Research, 2011).
La notion de réseau complexe : du réseau comme abstraction et outil à la masse de données des réseaux sociaux en ligne, by Alain Barrat, in French - Accessible introduction to the study of complex networks (Communication & Organisation, 2013).
Network Analysis, Culture, and the Problem of Agency, by Mustafa Emirbayer and Jeff Goodwin (American Journal of Sociology, 1994), and Manifesto for a Relational Sociology, by Mustafa Emirbayer (American Journal of Sociology, 1997) - Sociological foundations for a science of social ties.
Network Theory, Plot Analysis, by Franco Moretti - Example applications of (fictional) network analysis in literary studies (New Left Review, 2011).
Node Centrality in Weighted Networks: Generalizing Degree and Shortest Paths, by Tore Opsahl, Filip Agneessens and John Skvoretz - Explores the generalization of network centrality and distance measures to (positively) valued graphs (Social Networks, 2010; companion website).
Scale-Free Networks, by Albert-László Barabási and Eric Bonabeau - Early, accessible formulation of the “networks are everywhere” argument (Scientific American, 2003).
Social Networks and Causal Inference, by Tyler J. VanderWeele and Weihua An - Reviews the different ways in which network analysis can produce meaningful causal statements, as well as the inherent limits of network analysis for doing so (Handbook of Causal Analysis for Social Research, 2013).
The Performativity of Networks, by Kieran Healy - Network analysis meets science studies: social networks, like financial markets, are highly subject to performativity, i.e. the possibility that reality might be altered by its theoretical inquiry (European Journal of Sociology, 2015).
Revisiting the Foundations of Network Analysis, by Carter T. Butts - On choosing the right network representation to frame a research problem.
Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 1400-1434, by John F. Padgett and Christopher K. Ansell - Classic analysis of power relations in the Renaissance Florentine state (American Journal of Sociology, 1993).
The Strength of Weak Ties, by Mark Granovetter - Arch-classic example of applying network analysis to a social issue: jobseeking (American Journal of Sociology, 1973).
The Ties that Divide: A Network Analysis of the International Monetary System, 1890–1910 (The Journal of Economic History, 2005) and The Empirics of International Currencies: Network Externalities, History and Persistence (The Economic Journal, 2009), both by Marc Flandreau and Clemens Jobst - Network analysis of the foreign exchange system in the late 19th century (data).
Topics in Social Network Analysis and Network Science, by A. James O’Malley and Jukka-Pekka Onnela - 50-page introduction to network analysis, with just the right amount of detail on all aspects of it (The Handbook of Health Services Research, forthcoming 2017).

Software

ArcGIS Network Analyst

Network-based spatial analysis software for solving complex routing problems.

CFinder

Cross-platform Java program to identify clusters and communities through the Clique Percolation Method (CPM).

Circos

Cross-platform program to produce circular layouts of network data, written in Perl.

Cytoscape

Cross-platform Java program to build, analyze and visualize networks. Also a JavaScript library.

Discourse Network Analyzer (DNA)

Qualitative content analysis tool with network export facilities, written in Java with R integration.

E-Net

Windows program for ego network analysis.

EgoNet

Cross-platform Java program for ego network analysis.

EgoWeb

Server-side software for social network data collection and processing.

easyN

Online tool aimed at representing and sharing gene interaction networks as well as Petri net models.

Gephi

Cross-platform, free and open source tool for network visualization.

GLEAMviz Simulator

Cross-platform tool intended for the prediction of human epidemics.

Graph Commons

Collaborative platform for mapping, analyzing and publishing data-networks.

Graphia

Cross-platform tool to visualize large and complex networks ([announcement](https://www.cnn.group.cam.ac.uk/news/Graphia-April19)).

Graphviz

Cross-platform software to draw graphs in the DOT graph drawing language.

Graphy

Graph theory library written in Ruby.

GraphX

[Apache Spark](https://spark.apache.org/) module to perform graph-related parallel computation.

Linkage

Online tool to visualize and model networks with textual edges.

Lynks

Web-based tool for simple network analysis and visualization.

Mathematica

Cross-platform program with graph theory and network analysis functionalities.

Metamaps

Free, open-source platform to draw networks, currently in beta.

MuxViz

Cross-platform, free and open source tool to study multilayer networks, based on R and GNU Octave.

Neo4j

Open source, scalable graph database, used by companies like [Linkurious](http://linkurio.us/).

Network Canvas

A free and open-source set of survey tools for ego-centric and personal network studies, including [documentation](https://documentation.networkcanvas.com) and a [user community](https://community.networkcanvas.com).

Node Overlap and Segregation Software

Web-based tool to compute [Strona and Veech](https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12395)’s node overlap and segregation measures.

Nodegoat

Web-based data management, network analysis and visualisation environment ([blog](http://nodegoat.net/blog)).

NodeXL

Free, open-source template to explore network graphs with Microsoft Excel.

ORA-LITE

Windows program for dynamic meta-network assessment and analysis.

OSoMe

Observatory on Social Media, an interdisciplinary research center at Indiana University, with tools to browse current and past social media posts.

Pajek

Windows program for large network analysis, free for noncommercial use.

Palladio

Web-based spatial network visualization tool by the [Humanities + Design research lab](http://hdlab.stanford.edu/) at Stanford University.

PARTNER - Program to Analyze, Record, and Track Networks to Enhance Relationships

Excel-based tool for building networks from surveys.

PIGALE - Public Implementation of a Graph Algorithm Library and Editor

Windows program and C++ library to analyze planar graphs.

PNet

Simulation and estimation of (one-mode and multilevel) exponential random graph models (ERGMs), written in Java for Windows.

Polinode

Web-based platform to both analyze network data as well as collect network data via relationship-based surveys.

PUCK - Program for the Use and Computation of Kinship data

Cross-platform Java program for genealogical network analysis.

qgis-edge-bundling

Implementation of force-directed edge bundling for the QGIS Processing toolbox.

Radatools

Set of tools intended for the analysis of complex networks, built on top of [Radalib](http://deim.urv.cat/~sergio.gomez/radalib.php), a library written in Ada.

Retina

Web application to share GEXF and GraphML network visualizations.

Scikit-network

Open-source library for machine learning on graphs.

SageMath

Free open-source mathematics software with extensive [graph capabilities](http://doc.sagemath.org/html/en/reference/graphs/index.html).

Segrada

Cross-platform tool to build and visualize semantic graph databases.

Siena

Simulation Investigation for Empirical Network Analysis. Formerly a Windows program, now developed as the RSiena R package.

SocNetV - Social Network Visualizer

Cross-platform program that includes a [simple Web crawler](https://socnetv.org/news/?post=socnetv-v16-released-with-a-working-web-crawler) to construct hyperlink networks.

SoNIA - Social Network Image Animator

Tool to visualize dynamic or longitudinal network data. Formerly a [Java program](https://sourceforge.net/projects/sonia/) ([example movies](http://www.soc.duke.edu/~jmoody77/NetMovies/index.htm)), now developed as the ndtv R package.

SparklingGraph

Cross-platform tool to perform large-scale, distributed network computations with Apache Spark’s GraphX module; written in Java and Scala.

SPaTo Visual Explorer

Cross-platform program for the visualization and exploration of complex networks.

StOCNET

Several Windows programs developed by the same team as Siena.

Tulip

Cross-platform network analysis and visualization framework built on top of a C++ library, with plugins dedicated to specific biological and physical networks. Also available through its [Python package](http://tulip.labri.fr/Documentation/current/tulip-python/html/index.html).

UCINET

Windows commercial software package for the analysis of social network data.

Uberlink

Software suite for online (hyperlink) network analysis, by the [VOSON](http://vosonlab.net/) research project.

UNISoN

Cross-platform program to download and visualize Usenet data. [Developed for a Masters degree](https://github.com/leonarduk/unison/wiki/MSc-Report-Abstract).

VennMaker: An Actor-Centered Interactive Network Mapping Tool

Cross-platform Java program for ego network analysis.

Visone

Cross-platform Java network analysis and visualization program, free for noncommercial use.

Vizster

Cross-platform Java program to visualize online social networks.

VOSviewer

Cross-platform Java tool for constructing and visualizing bibliometric networks.

For a hint of why this section of the list might be useful to some, see Mark Round’s Map of Data Formats and Software Tools (2009).
Several links in this section come from the NetWiki Shared Code page, from the Cambridge Networks Network List of Resources for Complex Network Analysis, and from the Software for Social Network Analysis page by Mark Huisman and Marijtje A.J. van Duijn. For a recent academic review on the subject, see the Social Network Algorithms and Software entry of the International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition (2015).
See also the Social Network Analysis Project Survey (blog post), an earlier attempt to chart social network analysis tools that links to many commercial platforms not included in this list, such as Detective.io. The Wikipedia English entry on Social Network Analysis Software also links to many commercial that are often very expensive, outdated, and far from being awesome by any reasonable standard.
Software-centric tutorials are listed below their program of choice: other tutorials are listed in the next section.

-   [Network Analysis with Cytoscape Tutorial](https://archaeologicalnetworks.wordpress.com/resources/#cytoscape) - Illustrated through an archaeological and geographical case study (2013).
-   [Clément Levallois’ Gephi Tutorials](https://seinecle.github.io/gephi-tutorials/).
-   [Geographische Netzwerkvisualisierung mit dem Programm ‘Gephi’](http://www.podcampus.de/nodes/RJVZo), in German (2016).
-   [Introduction to Network Analysis and Visualization with Gephi](http://www.martingrandjean.ch/gephi-introduction/) (2015).
-   [Practical Social Network Analysis With Gephi](http://derekgreene.com/gephitutorial/) (2014).
-   [IGraph/M](https://github.com/szhorvat/IGraphM) - Interface to use the `igraph` library from within Mathematica, using standard Mathematica `Graph` objects.
-   [The NodeXL Series](https://blogs.k-state.edu/it-news/tag/nodexl/) - Series of blog posts on using NodeXL (2013).
-   [Analyse des réseaux : une introduction à Pajek](https://quanti.hypotheses.org/512/), in French (2011).
-   [La détection de communautés avec Pajek 3.6](https://groupefmr.hypotheses.org/544), in French (2012).
-   [VOSON System](http://www.uberlink.com/software#voson) - Web-based software for the collection and analysis of online network data.
-   [VOSON Data Provider for NodeXL](http://www.uberlink.com/software#voson-nodexl) ([quick tutorial](https://blogs.k-state.edu/it-news/2013/04/09/the-nodexl-series-using-voson-for-hyperlink-network-analysis-part-9/); to be discontinued in 2016).
-   [vosonR](http://vosonlab.net/tools) - R client for the VOSON software (in development).
-   [VennMaker for Historians: Sources, Social Networks and Software](http://revistes.uab.cat/redes/article/view/v21-during-bixier-kronenwett-stark) (also available in Spanish; 2011).
-   [Visone Tutorials](https://visone.ethz.ch/wiki/index.php/Tutorials) - Including one using an archaeological case study (2017).

Algorithms

algo.graph

Basic graph theory algorithms written in Clojure.

CONGA and CONGO

Algorithms to detect overlapping communities in networks, written in Java.

ForceAtlas2

Force-directed layout included in Gephi ([paper](http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0098679)).

Linkcomm - Link Communities in Complex Networks

Community detection algorithms, available in C++, Python [and R](https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=linkcomm).

MixNet - Erdös-Rényi Mixture Model for Networks

Community detection method, available in C++ and R.

OSLOM2 - Order Statistics Local Optimization Method

Clustering algorithm.

vbmod: Variational Bayesian Inference for Network Modularity

MATLAB and Python implementations of a [Bayesian community detection algorithm](https://arxiv.org/abs/0709.3512).

weighted-modularity-LPAwbPLUS

Julia, MATLAB and R implementations of two algorithms to find weighted modularity in bipartite networks.

Network placement and community detection algorithms that do not fit in any of the next subsections.
See also the Awesome Algorithms and Awesome Algorithm Visualization lists for more algorithmic awesomess.

C / C++

Benchmark Graphs to Test Community Detection Algorithms

C++ code to generate weighted and unweighted graphs.

BGL - Boost Graph Library

C++ library that provides a generic interface to access graph structures.

igraph

C library of network analysis tools; also exists as packages for Python and R.

MapEquation

C++ code for the Infomap method of multilevel community detection.

Louvain Method

C++ code for the [Louvain multi-level community detection algorithm](https://arxiv.org/abs/0803.0476).

networks.tb

C program designed for analyzing socio-semantic networks. Runs on Linux and Mac OS X.

OGDF - Open Graph Drawing Framework

Self-contained C++ class library for diagram, network and tree layouts.

OpenOrd: Large-scale Graph Layout (formerly DrL)

C++ algorithm, also available as a [Gephi plugin](https://gephi.org/plugins/#/plugin/openord-layout).

RAPIDS cuGraph

Python packages and C/C++/CUDA libraries focused on GPU-accelerated graph analytics.

Stanford Network Analysis Project

C++ general purpose network analysis and graph mining library. Available as a Python library and in Microsoft Excel via NodeXL.

Walktrap

C++ program that implements the [WalkTrap community detection algorithm](https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0512106).

For more awesome C / C++ content, see the Awesome C and Awesome C / C++ lists.

Java

GraphStore

In-memory graph structure implementation, powering Gephi.

GraphStream

Java library for the modeling and analysis of dynamic graphs.

Mixer

Prototype showing how to use [Apache Fluo](https://fluo.apache.org/) to continuously merge multiple large graphs into a single derived one.

JavaScript

Cytoscape.js

Network analysis and visualization library.

d3.js

JavaScript visualization library that can plot [force-directed graphs](http://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/4062045).

GENSI

JavaScript graphical tool to collect ego-centered network data ([paper](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2016.07.007)).

Gephi Lite

Web-based, lighter version of Gephi.

GoJS

Visualization library to draw diagrams and several types of network layouts.

Graphology

Specification and reference implementation for a robust and multipurpose JavaScript `Graph` object.

greuler

Visualization library to build and manipulate graphs through a simple API. Powered by d3.js and [WebCola](https://ialab.it.monash.edu/webcola/).

jLouvain

Louvain community detection for Javascript ([example](http://bl.ocks.org/emeeks/125db75c9b55ddcbdeb5)).

NetworkCube

"Dynamic Network Visualizations [for] Domain Scientists." For demo examples, see [The Vistorian](https://networkcube.github.io/vistorian/).

Oligrapher

Library initially developed to visualise ["networks of influence" among U.S. elites](https://littlesis.org/).

Popoto.js

Library based on d3.js that provides a graph based search interface.

Sigma

JavaScript library dedicated to graph drawing.

vis.js

JavaScript library with network visualization capabilities.

VivaGraphJS

Graph drawing library ([ForceAtlas2 plugin](https://github.com/graphcommons/viva.forceatlas2)).

viz.js

Use Graphviz in Web pages.

For more awesome JavaScript libraries, see the Awesome JavaScript list.

-   [d3-force: Force-directed graph layout](https://github.com/d3/d3-force) using velocity Verlet integration.
-   [d3-vector: Define connections between nodes as directional vectors](https://github.com/thepeoplesbourgeois/d3-vector), consisting of angles and magnitudes.

Julia

BayesNets.jl

Package to work with Bayesian networks.

EcologicalNetwork.jl

Package to compute measures of ecological network structures.

EvolvingGraphs

Package to create, manipulate and study time-dependent networks.

Graphs.jl

Package to manipulate graph objects in Julia.

JuliaGraphs

Suite of Julia packages for network analysis.

MatrixNetworks.jl

A method to handle graph/matrix/network structures.

NetworkFlows.jl

Package of network flows algorithms.

NetworkViz.jl

Package to visualize graphs produced with LightGraphs.jl, using [ThreeJS.jl](https://github.com/rohitvarkey/ThreeJS.jl).

PhyloNetworks.jl

Package to manipulate, analyze and visualize phylogenetic networks.

TikzGraphs

Package to create graph layouts using the TikZ graphics language.

Smile.jl - Julia wrapper for the Smile C++ library, which covers Bayesian networks and influence diagrams.
- Dynamic Network Analysis in Julia.
- Creating Network Diagrams in Plotly from Julia.
- MetaGraphs - Graph data structures with multiple heterogeneous metadata for Graphs.jl.
- GraphVisualize.jl - Graph visualization built on top of GLVisualize.jl.
- LightGraphs.jl - Graph library with a focus on performance and simplicity.
- LightGraphsExtras.jl - Community detection and other functionalities for the LightGraphs.jl package.
- NetworkLayout.jl - Layout algorithms for graphs and trees.
- Networks.jl - Additional graph functions for the LightGraphs.jl package.
- GraphCentrality.jl - Adds network measures to the Graphs.jl package.
- Video presentation of the package by its author at JuliaCon 2016.

MATLAB

Brain Connectivity Toolbox

Toolbox for complex-network analysis of structural and functional brain-connectivity data, with links to many related projects.

CONTEST

Random network toolbox that implements nine network models.

Generalized Louvain

Variant of the Louvain community detection algorithm.

MatlabBGL

Graph library based on the C++ Boost Graph Library.

MATLAB RBN Toolbox

Simulation und visualization of Random Boolean Networks.

See also the webweb tool listed in the Python section.

Complex Networks Package for MatLab.

Python

bokeh

Python library for interactive data visualization in the browser, with support for networks.

cdlib

Python community detection library, with 60+ methods and evaluation/visualization features.

CHSZLabLib

Unified Python interface to 20 high-performance C++ libraries for graph partitioning, community detection, cuts, independent sets, and dynamic graph algorithms.

dash-cytoscape

Interactive network visualization library in Python, powered by Cytoscape.js and Dash

graph-tool

Python module for network manipulation and analysis, written mostly in C++ for speed.

Graphinate

Python package aimed at generating graphs from data sources, built on top of `networkx`.

graphviz

Python renderer for the DOT graph drawing language.

graspologic

Python package for statistical algorithms, models, and visualization for single and multiple networks.

hiveplot

Python utility for drawing networks as hive plots on matplotlib, a more comprehensive network visualization.

karateclub

Python package for unsupervised learning on graph structured data with a scikit-learn like API.

linkpred

Assess the likelihood of potential links in a future snapshot of a network.

littleballoffur

Python package for sampling from graph structured data with a scikit-learn like API.

metaknowledge

Python package to turn bibliometrics data into authorship and citation networks.

networkx

Python package for the creation, manipulation, and study of the structure, dynamics, and functions of complex networks.

nngt

Library-agnostic graph generation and analysis that wraps around `networkx`, `igraph` and `graph-tool`). Includes normalized graph measures, advanced visualizations, (geo)spatial tools, and interfaces for neuroscience simulators.

npartite

Python algorithms for community detection in n-partite networks.

parag

Interactive visualization of higher-order graphs in Python.

pathpy

Analysis of time series data on networks using higher-order and multi-order graphical models.

PyGraphistry

Python library to extract, transform, and visually explore big graphs.

python-igraph

Python version of the igraph network analysis package.

python-louvain

A solid implementation of Louvain community detection algorithm.

Raphtory

A platform for building and analysing temporal networks.

RAPIDS cuGraph

Python packages and C/C++/CUDA libraries focused on GPU-accelerated graph analytics.

rustworkx

A high performance Python graph library implemented in Rust.

scipy.sparse.csgraph

Fast graph algorithms based on sparse matrix representations.

Snap.py

A Python interface for SNAP (a general purpose, high performance system for analysis and manipulation of large networks).

SnapVX

A convex optimization solver for problems defined on a graph.

tnetwork

Python library for temporal networks, and dynamic community detection in particular.

TQ (Temporal Quantities)

Python 3 library for temporal network analysis.

uunet

Tools for multilayer social networks.

webweb

MATLAB/Python library to produce interactive network visualizations with d3.js.

Many items below are from a Google spreadsheet by Michał Bojanowski and others.
See also Social Network Analysis with Python, a 3-hour tutorial by Maksim Tsvetovat and Alex Kouznetsov given at PyCon US 2012 (code).
For more awesome Python packages, see the Awesome Python and Awesome Python Books lists.

-   [Tutorials on algorithms and models](https://graspologic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/).
-   [Implementing an ERGM from Scratch in Python](https://gist.github.com/dmasad/8509304), using networkx and numpy (2014).
-   [nxviz](https://github.com/ericmjl/nxviz/) - Visualization package for NetworkX.
- [Related book and data](http://multilayer.it.uu.se/). See `multinet` for the R version.

R

amen

Additive and multiplicative effects models for relational data.

backbone

Provides methods for binarizing a weighted network retaining only significant edges.

Bergm

Tools to analyse Bayesian exponential random graph models (BERGM).

bipartite

Functions to visualize bipartite (two-mode) networks and compute indices commonly used in ecological research. See also: `levelnet` R package.

blockmodeling

Implementats generalized blockmodeling for valued networks.

bnlearn

Tools for [Bayesian network learning and inference](http://www.bnlearn.com/) ([related Shiny app](https://paulgovan.github.io/RiskNetwork)).

brainGraph

Tools for performing graph theory analysis of brain MRI data.

btergm

Tools to fit temporal ERGMs by bootstrapped pseudolikelihood. Also provides MCMC maximum likelihood estimation, goodness of fit for ERGMs, TERGMs, and stochastic actor-oriented models (SAOMs), and tools for the micro-level interpretation of ERGMs and TERGMs.

CCAS

Statistical model for communication networks.

concoR

Implementation of the CONCOR network blockmodeling algorithm ([blog post](http://badhessian.org/2015/05/concor-in-r/)).

ContentStructure

Implements an extension to the [Topic-Partitioned Multinetwork Embeddings (TPME) model](http://dirichlet.net/pdf/krafft12topic-partitioned.pdf).

DiagrammeR

Connects R, RStudio and JavaScript libraries to draw graph diagrams ([blog post](https://blog.rstudio.org/2015/05/01/rstudio-v0-99-preview-graphviz-and-diagrammer/)).

dodgr

Computes distances on dual-weighted directed graphs, such as street networks, using priority-queue shortest paths.

edgebundle

Edge bundling algorithms, useful to e.g. draw networks of transport maps.

egor

Tools for importing, analyzing and visualizing ego-centered network data, in various formats.

EpiModel

Tools for simulating mathematical models of infectious disease dynamics ([presentation paper](https://doi.org/10.18637%2Fjss.v084.i08)).

ergm

Estimation of Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs).

ergMargins

Process analysis for ERGMs.

ergmito

ERGMs for small networks.

fergm

Frailty ERGMs.

GERGM

Estimation and diagnosis of the convergence of Generalized Exponential Random Graph Models (GERGM).

geomnet

Single-geometry approach to network visualization with `ggplot2`.

ggnetwork

Multiple-geometries approach to plot network objects with `ggplot2`.

ggraph

Grammar of graph graphics built in the spirit of `ggplot2`. See also: `tidygraph` R package.

goldfish

Dynamic Network Actor-Oriented Model (DyNAM) for the statistical analysis of coordination networks through time.

graphlayouts

Layout algorithms based on the concept of [stress majorization](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-31843-9_25).

hergm

Estimate and simulate hierarchical exponential-family random graph models (HERGM) with local dependence.

igraph

A collection of network analysis tools.

ig.degree.betweenness

an igraph implementation of the [Smith-Pittman](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.01394) community detection algorithm (2024).

influenceR

Compute various node centrality network measures by Burt, Borgatti and others.

keyplayer

Implements several network centrality measures.

latentnet

Latent position and cluster models for network objects.

levelnet

Experimental package to analyze one-mode projections of bipartite (two-mode) networks. See also: `bipartite` R package.

lpNet

Linear programming model aimed at infering biological (signalling, gene) networks.

mlergm

Multilevel Exponential-Family Random Graph Models, to model nodes nested within known blocks.

multigraph

Functions to build and visualize all sorts of multigraphs.

multigraphr

Random multigraph models, statistics of multigraph properties, and goodness of fit tests.

multinet

Tools for multilayer social networks.

multinets

Package to handle multilevel networks in `igraph`.

migraph

A set of tools that extend common social network analysis packages for analysing multimodal and multilevel networks.

ndtv

Tools to construct animated visualizations of dynamic network data in various formats.

neo4r

Neo4J driver for R.

networkD3

Create d3.js network graphs from R.

netdiffuseR

Tools to analyze the network diffusion of innovations.

netrankr

Up-to-date collection of network centrality indices, with lots of documentation.

netseg

Various measures of network segregation and homophily.

NetSim

Simulate and combine micro-models to research their impact on the macro-features of social networks.

netUtils

Various network functions and methods, e.g. computing the Cartesian product of two graphs or fitting a discrete core periphery model.

network

Basic tools to manipulate relational data in R.

networkdata

Includes 979 network datasets containing 2135 networks.

networkdiffusion

Simulate and visualize basic epidemic diffusion in networks.

networkDynamic

Support for dynamic, (inter)temporal networks.

networksis

Tools to simulate bipartite networksgraphs with the degrees of the nodes fixed and specified.

PAFit

Nonparametric estimation of preferential attachment and node fitness in temporal complex networks.

PCIT

Implements Partial Correlation with Information Theory in order to identify meaningful correlations in weighted networks, such as gene co-expression networks.

RCy3

Interface between R and recent versions of Cytoscape.

RCyjs

Interface between R and Cytoscape.js.

qgraph

Tools to model and visualize psychometric networks; also aimed at weighted graphical models).

relevent

Tools to fit relational event models (REM).

rem

Estimate endogenous network effects in event sequences and fit relational event models (REM), which measure how networks form and evolve over time.

rgexf

Export network objects from R to GEXF for manipulation with software like Gephi or Sigma.

Rgraphviz

Support for using the Graphviz library and its DOT graph drawing language from within R.

RSiena

Simulation Investigation for Empirical Network Analysis; fits models to longitudinal network data.

sna

Basic network constructors, measures and visualization tools.

snahelper

RStudio addin which provides a GUI to visualize and analyse networks

SocialMediaLab

Tools for collecting social media data and generating networks from it ([companion website](http://vosonlab.net/SocialMediaLab), [github repo](https://github.com/voson-labSocialMediaLab)).

spectralGOF

Computes the spectral goodness of fit (SGOF), a measure of how well a network model explains the structure of an observed network.

spnet

Methods for visualizing spatial networks on maps in the `sp` class.

spNetwork

Methods for spatial network analysis, including e.g. kernel density estimation, distances and point pattern analysis.

statnet

The project behind many R network analysis packages ([mailing-list](https://mailman13.u.washington.edu/mailman/listinfo/statnet_help), [tutorials/workshops](https://statnet.org/workshops/)).

tergm

Fit, simulate and diagnose models for temporal exponential-family random graph models (TERGM).

tidygraph

‘Tidy’ approach to building graph structures. See also: `ggraph` R package.

tnam

Tools to fit temporal and cross-sectional network autocorrelation models (TNAM).

tnet

Network measures for weighted, two-mode and longitudinal networks.

tsna

Tools for temporal social network analysis.

visNetwork

Using vis.js library for network visualization.

xergm

Extensions of exponential random graph models (ERGM, GERGM, TERGM, TNAM and REM).

For more awesome R resources, see the Awesome R and Awesome R Books lists. See also this Google spreadsheet by Ian McCulloh and others.
To convert many different network model results into tidy data frames, see the broom package. To convert many different network model results into LaTeX or HTML tables, see the texreg package.

- [Introduction to the backbone package](https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.12779)
-   [ERGM: edgecov and dyadcov Specifications](http://mjh4.blogspot.com/2012/09/ergm-edgecov-and-dyadcov-specifications.html).
-   [Introducing graphlayouts with Game of Thrones](http://blog.schochastics.net/post/introducing-graphlayouts-with-got/).
-   [Network Visualizations in R using ggraph and graphlayouts](https://mr.schochastics.net/material/netVizR/).

hierformR – Determine paths and states that social networks develop over time to form social hierarchies.
- Network Analysis and Visualization with R and igraph (2016).
- Related book and data, and presentation article. See uunet for the Python version.
- Network Centrality in R: An Introduction - Includes a review of relevant R packages.
- Network Centrality in R: Neighborhood Inclusion.
- Network Centrality in R: New Ways of Measuring Centrality (2018).
- Network Model Selection Using qgraph 1.3 (2014).
- qgraph Examples.
- qgraph: Network Visualizations of Relationships in Psychometric Data (2012).
- informR - Tools to create sequence statistics from event lists to be used in relevent.
signnet Methods to analyse signed networks (structural balance, blockmodeling, centrality, etc.).

Stata

SNA with Stata

Blog documenting the use of the netplot Stata package.

nwcommands: Network Analysis Using Stata (discussion, tutorials and slides).

Syntaxes

DOT

Graph drawing syntax used by the Graphviz software.

GEXF

File format used by the Gephi software.

GraphML

Comprehensive and easy-to-use file format for graphs ([handbook chapter](https://www.uni-konstanz.de/mmsp/pubsys/publishedFiles/BrEiLe10.pdf)).

JGraphT

Java graph library for graph data structures and algorithms ([example algorithms](https://github.com/agouge/Java-Network-Analyzer)).

JUNG - Java Universal Network/Graph Framework

Extensible library to represent network objects.

PGF/TikZ

[Tandem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGF/TikZ) of vector graphics languages that can be used to draw graphs in the [LaTeX](https://latex-project.org/) typesetting environment.

TLP - Tulip Software Graph Format

Graph syntax used by the Tulip software framework.

Cypher

Graph query language used by [Neo4j](http://neo4j.com/).

Generic graph syntaxes intended for use by several programs.

-   [Awesome LaTeX: TiKZ](https://github.com/egeerardyn/awesome-LaTeX#tikz).
-   [How to Draw Graphs in LaTeX?](https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/57152/how-to-draw-graphs-in-latex)
-   [TikZ Graph Examples](http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples/tag/graphs/).
-   [TikZ & PGF Manual](http://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/ctan/graphics/pgf/base/doc/pgfmanual.pdf).
-   [TKZ](http://altermundus.com/pages/tkz/index.html) - Packages based on TikZ.

Tutorials

Nodegoat and Palladio: Introductory Workshop

Aimed at humanists (2015).

Static and Dynamic Network Visualization with R

Covers the igraph, network, ggraph, network, networkD3, ndtv, threejs and visNetwork packages (2019).

Tutorials that are not focused on a single specific software package or program.

A tutorial for network centrality in R (2023).
Basic and Advanced Network Visualization with Gephi and R (2016).
Basic Network Analysis in R using igraph and related packages (2022).
Interactive and Dynamic Network Visualization in R and JavaScript libraries (2016).
Tidy Network Analysis in R using the tidygraph package (2022).

Varia

+100 herramientas para el análisis de redes sociales

Long list of diverse applications of network analysis, with shorts descriptions in Spanish.

Awesome graph classification

Comprehensive list of graph embedding papers with title, authors, link to the paper and reference implementation.

Awesome community detection

Comprehensive list of community detection papers with title, authors, link to the paper and reference implementation.

Centrality Measures as a Signature of Roles in Rousseau’s _Les Confessions_

Analysis of a real-world character network.

Cheat Sheet: Social Network Analysis for Humanists

Basic notions to remember when assembling and manipulating network data.

Computer Technologies for the Historical Research of Intellectual Networks

Series of videos by historians, featuring Marten Düring and Scott Weingart.

Convert Between Graph Formats

Online service to convert from/to many different common graph formats.

David Knoke on Network Analysis

20-minute interview that discusses the uses and benefits of network analysis, drawing upon Knoke’s research on terrorist networks.

Mapping the Republic of Letters

Research project on early-modern scholarship ([underlying software](http://www.densitydesign.org/research/knot/)).

Mixed-Method Approaches to Social Network Analysis

Videos of a conference at the Middlesex University School of Law (2014).

Modeling Complex Social Networks: Challenges and Opportunities for Statistical Learning and Inference

Video of a seminar talk by Jennifer Neville at Purdue University (2011).

NetSciEd - Network Science in Education

International initiative aimed at improving network literacy.

Network Map of Knowledge and Art

DBPedia-derived networks of who-was-influenced-by-whom directed ties, using SPARQL and Gephi.

The Networks Network

Mailing-list (mostly historians from the HNR network).

New Perspectives for Relational Learning

Videos (and more) from a workshop at the Banff International Research Station (BIRS) (2015).

Open Graph protocol

A proposed standard to turn any Web page into a “social graph object.”

Periodic Table of Network Centrality

Interactive periodic table of centrality indices.

Picking Sides

Community detection in the political network of Middle Eastern alliances between various state and nonstate powers ([updated version](https://gist.github.com/briatte/c6df2f855afb4eb142e6)).

Psych Networks

Website with news, references and [tutorials](https://psych-networks.com/tutorials/) about network modeling for psychological data.

(Psychological) Network Analysis Workshops

3-day workshop on psychological network analysis using R (2019).

The Small World of Psychopathology

Paper on how psychiatric symptoms connec to each other ([code, data and graphs](https://sites.google.com/site/dsmgraphs/Home/files)).

Social Network Analysis in DBpedia

Highly didactic Master’s dissertation, showing how to use SPARQL and Pajek.

SPARQL for R Tutorial - Hollywood Social Network Analysis

Also uses Gephi.

Visual Complexity. An Exploration on Mapping Complex Networks

Tons of beautiful network and tree visualizations ([book](http://www.visualcomplexity.com/vc/book/), also in Chinese and French).

Visualizing Historical Networks

Historical network research projects at Harvard University.

Resources that do not fit in other categories.

Glossary of Terms for Statistical Network Models.
Linton C. Freeman’s Social Network Research Publications, spanning from 1955 to today.

Tutorial Paper on New Methods for Estimating Psychological Networks.
Should I do Social Network Analysis?.
SNA-DE Mailing-List, in German.
A Sociology Citation Network and A Co-citation Network for Philosophy - Examples of scientific co-citation networks.
Using Metadata to Find Paul Revere and The Other Ride of Paul Revere: The Brokerage Role in the Making of the American Revolution - Network analysis applied to American revolutionaries.

Blog Series

Archaeological Networks

Tom Brughmans’ blog, aimed at archaeologists and historians.

R / Notes: Networks

Blog posts focused on manipulating networks in R, by François Briatte.

TNT: The Network Thinkers

Valdis Krebs’ blog.

Under Roquentin’s Chestnut Tree

Moses Boudourides’ blog on analyzing (mostly) networks with Python.

Series of blog posts on network topics.

Blog Posts About Networks by Aaron Clauset.
Blog Posts About Networks by Baptiste Coulmont, in French.
Blog Posts About Networks by Cosma R. Shalizi.
Blog Posts About Networks by François Briatte, in French.
Blog Posts About Networks by Katya Ognyanova.
Blog Posts About Networks by Pierre Mercklé, in French.
Blog Posts About Networks on the Bad Hessian Blog, by various contributors.
Blog posts about networks on R-Bloggers, an aggregator of R blogs:
- Networks.
- Social Network Analysis.
Cosma R. Shalizi’s Notebooks on network-related topics, definitely worth listing in (selective) detail:
Daniel Little’s blog posts on the philosophy of social science:
- Networks.
- Social Networks.
Martin Grandjean’s blog posts about (mostly) network visualization, in English and French:
- Network Analysis.
- Social Networks.
Networks Demystified, a series of blog posts by Scott B. Weingart.
Netze und Netzwerke, in English and German - Blog on the history of network analysis, by Sebastian Gießmann (old blog).
Yannick Rochat’s blog posts about digital humanities, in English and French:
- Character Networks.
- Network Analysis.

Fictional Networks

Analyzing Networks of Characters in _Love Actually_

Features a cluster analysis and a [Shiny app](https://dgrtwo.shinyapps.io/love-actually-network/) (using R + Shiny).

_Star Wars_ Social Networks: The Force Awakens

Also an example of a social network analysis written in F#.

Explorations of fictional character networks.

Character Co-Occurrences in Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables, plotted as an adjacency matrix, written in Python (+ Javascript).

Network Science

Editing a Normal Science Journal in Social Science

Reflections on the _Social Networks_ journal by its founding editor.

The Emergence of Network Science

Video documentary, featuring Steven H. Strogatz and many others.

The Invasion of the Physicists

How “network _science_” came up.

The ‘New’ Science of Networks

Review of network science books published in 2002-2003.

Predicting Highly Cited Papers

Prediction of the next highly cited papers in network science.

A Twenty-First Century Science

Essay by Duncan J. Watts.

What is Network Science?

First editorial of the recent _Network Science_ journal.

Discussions of what “netsci” is about and means for other scientific disciplines.

From Albert-László Barabási’s review articles:
- Taming Complexity.
- The Network Takeover.
Isolated Social Networkers, Networks and Netwars and The Inter-Disciplinary Politics of Interdisciplinary Research or, “Hey, That Was My Idea First.” - Series of blog posts that predate the advent of “network science” as a buzzword, but that touch upon the same issues as those now being discussed under that heading.
Social Network and Network Science Co-Citations Across Disciplines in 1996-2013.
Three Hard Questions about Network Science.

Small Worlds

The Erdös Number Project

Research project on the collaborative ties and network distance between mathematicians.

How Small is the World, Really?

Discussion of “_x_ degrees of separation” small-world experiments.

The Oracle of Bacon

Based on an [online game](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Degrees_of_Kevin_Bacon) that resulted in a [charity](http://www.sixdegrees.org/).

Panel: Six Degrees of Separation

Video of a conference at Cornell University, featuring Duncan J. Watts, Steven H. Strogatz, Jon Kleinberg and other speakers.

Patterns in the Ivy: The Small World of Metal

Example of a two-mode network analysis based on metal artists and bands.

Six Degrees of Francis Bacon

Interactive visualization of a well-documented early modern historical network.

Six Degrees of Separation

Wikipedia English entry.

Links focused on (analogues to) Stanley Milgram’s small-world experiment.

Two-Mode Networks

Also known as bipartite graphs.

L’analyse des graphes bipartis, in French (2013).
Basic Notions for the Analysis of Large Two-mode Networks (preprint, related code; Social Networks, 2008).
Fitting Large Signed Two-mode Blockmodels: Problems and Prospects.
Generalized Blockmodeling of Two-mode Network Data (preprint).
Generalized Two-Mode Cores.
Partitioning Signed Two-Mode Networks.
Working with Bipartite/Affiliation Network Data in R (2012).